Chapter 2 Networking Key Terms Flashcards
protocol
A set of rules used to enable communication between network devices
port
A number or range of numbers assigned to a particular connection session or connection type
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
A reliable communication protocol that ensures reliable delivery of data to the destination computer
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
a communication protocol that is considered unreliable and does not guarantee delivery of network packets of information to the destination computer
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
a protocol used by both web browsers and specialized FTP programs to access dedicated file transfer servers for file downloads and uploads
Secure Shell (SSH)
A protocol that allows data to be exchanged between computers on a secured channel. A more secure replacement for FTP and Telnet
Telnet
A protocol that enables a user to make a text-based connection to a remote computer or networking device and use it as if he were a regular user sitting in front of it rather than simply downloading pages and files as he would with an http:// or ftp// connection
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
a protocol that is used to send email from a client system to an email server, which also uses SMTP to replay the message to the receiving email server
Domain Name System (DNS)
a service that translate domain names into IP addresses
domain name
a unique alphanumeric identifier for a website
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
a protocol used by web browsers to access websites and content
Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Sockets Layer (HTTPS)
a protocol that is often used for payment transactions on the World Wide Web and for sensitive transactions in corporate information systems
Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)
an email protocol used by client computers to download or receive email
Internet Message access Protocol (IMAP)
an email protocol that enables messages to remain on the email server so they can be retrieved from any location
NetBIOS
a protocol that allows some legacy applications that were developed in the 1980s, before the TCP/IP environment had become the standard, to work on larger networks and the Internet
Server Message Block (SMB)
a protocol that provides access to shared items such as files and printers
Service Location Protocol (SLP)
a protocol designed to allow networked hosts to find services of other devices, such as printers on the local network
Apple Filing Protocol (AFP)
a protocol that uses TCP/IP for transport and is used by macOS to connect to devices running older macOS and OS X versions and for Apple’s Time Machine backup app
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
a protocol developed by Microsoft to allow a user to securely connect to a remote computer in order to perform services or support another user
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
a protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses to hosts
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
a protocol that is used as the standard for managing and monitoring devices on a network
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
a protocol used to access and maintain distributed directories of information such as the kind involved with Microsoft domains
router
a device that routes data from one network to another. Often integrated with wireless access points and switches
firmware
a middle ground between hardware and software that is a software program that has been written for read-only memory (ROM)
switch
a network device that sets a direct path for data to run from one system to another; can be combined with a router or a wireless access point; faster than a hub because it supports the full bandwidth of the network at each port rather than subdividing the bandwidth among active ports, as a hub does
switch
a network device that sets a direct path for data to run from one system to another; can be combined with a router or a wireless access point; faster than a hub because it supports the full bandwidth of the network at each port rather than subdividing the bandwidth among active ports, as a hub does
Small office, home office (SOHO)
a small network that typically supports a telecommuting worker or a few employees. Often functions as both an office network and a home network
wireless access point (WAP)
a device that enables wireless (WiFi) devices to connect to a network
cloud-based controller
a virtual device that administrators can use to manage wireless LAN networks and branch offices that are located anywhere on the Internet from a central location
firewall
a hardware appliance or software application that protects a computer from unwanted intrusion
Network interface card (NIC)
an interface on a computer (or other device) that connects to a LAN
repeater
a device that amplifies a network signal to enable it to run over longer cable or wireless distance than normal
hub
a simple device used on an Ethernet network for connecting devices to each other
modem
a combination of words modulate and demodulate. Originally, the term modem was used for analog (dial-up modems) when most computer networks were connected by phone systems
cable modem
a device that encodes/decodes cable Internet network signals. Can be connected to a single computer or to a wired or wireless router
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) modem
a device that encodes/decodes cable Internet network signals over broadband
wireless bridge
a device (or a setting on many access points) that is used to connect two wireless LANs together in order to expand a wireless network or to connect wireless clients to an Ethernet network
patch panel
a box designed as a junction point for twisted pair (TP) cable and fiber cable used in networks
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
a switch with added capability (a built-in endspan) to send power out a port using CAT5 or better grades of twisted pair cable
Network address translation (NAT)
the process of modifying IP addresses as information crosses a router
port forwarding
a method of allowing inbound traffic on a particular TCP or UDP port or range to go to a particular IP address rather than to all devices on a network. Used to forward external visitors through the router to a specific computer. Instead of opening up the entire LAN, port forwarding directs particular traffic where you want it to go
port triggering
A feature available on some routers that opens an outgoing port or range of ports on demand by a particular service; can be used without being tied to a specific IP address
Demilitarized zone (DMZ)
in network computing, a subnetwork that provides external services. It is often between the LAN and the Internet but is controlled by the organization that also controls the LAN
Quality of service (QoS)
an important feature to enable on any network that provides streaming media, gaming, or VoIP services because it prioritizes real-tome and streaming traffic
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)
a router feature that enables devices on a network to add themselves to the network without the need to reconfigure the router
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
the oldest and weakest WiFi encryption standard. With WEP, all network devices must use the same WEP key and encryption strength
WiFi Protected Access (WPA)
A security standard for WiFi networks that replaced WEP
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
A security protocol used in the WPA wireless networking standard
WiFi Protected Access version 2 (WPA2)
a security protocol developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance to secure wireless networking using the AES encryption protocol. Takes the place of WPA
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
A protocol that is similar to TKIP but more secure and that is used with the WPA2 wireless encryption standard
WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)
a push button on some modems that allows devices to easily connect to the local wireless network
802.11b
a wireless Ethernet standard that uses 2.4GHz radio signaling for performance from 2Mbps to 11Mbps. It is compatible with 802.11g-based wireless networks but not with 802.11a-based networks unless dual-band access points are used
802.11a
a wireless Ethernet standard that uses 5GHz radio signals and provides performance at rates from 6Mbps up to 54Mbps. It is not compatible with other 802.11-based wireless networks unless dual-band access points are used
802.11g
A wireless Ethernet standard that uses 2.4GHz radio signaling for performance up to 54Mbps. It is compatible with 802.11b-based wireless networks but not with 802.11a-based networks unless dual-band access points are used
802.11n
A wireless Ethernet standard that uses 2.4GHz and 5GHz radio signaling for performance up to 600Mbps. Uses MIMO antenna technology
802.11ac
A wireless Ethernet standard that uses 5GHz radio signaling for performance up to 1300Mbps. Uses MU-MIMO antenna technology
Bluetooth
a short-range wireless network used primarily by mobile devices
pairing
the process of connecting two wireless devices together, such as Bluetooth or wireless mouse or keyboard and its receiver
Near field communication (NFC)
a feature included in many mobile devices such as tablets for data transfer and shopping. When NFC is enabled and a suitable payment system is installed on a device, it can be used for secure payments at any retailer that supports NFC payments
Radio-frequency identification (RFID)
a technology that consists of an RFID tag that can broadcast information about an item; as well as an RFID reader to accept the broadcast information and deliver it to a computer system for use
file server
Typically a computer with a single large drive or a RAID array for shared storage on a network
Network attached storage (NAS)
a special kind of file server designed to store large amounts of data in a central location for users on a network
print server
a device that manages the printing tasks for multiple users sharing one or more printers in an office
DHCP server
a server on a network that provides IP addresses on demand. Usually incorporated into a SOHO wireless router
syslog server
a server that tracks events, such as user logins and crashes, that happen on devices on a network
unified threat management (UTM)
a device that provides firewall, remote access, and virtual private network (VPN) support, web traffic filtering with anti-malware, and network intrusion prevention
Intrusion detection system (IDS)
a device or program that detects network intrusions that might not be detected by a firewall
Intrusion prevention system (IPS)
a device or software that uses methods similar to those used by an IDS, but unlike an IDS, can also block attacks
end-point management server
a server that tracks devices using the network and ensures that they comply with the security parameters of the network
legacy system
an outdated operating system, programming language, application or hardware
embedded system
dedicated computing devices used for specific tasks such as machine control, point-of-sale systems, or ATMs. Embedded systems are often legacy systems
subnet mask
an IPv4 network addressing feature used to specify how much of an IP address is the host address and what part is the extended network address
(VPN)
a private and secure network connection that is carried by an insecure public network, such as the Internet
Virtual local area network (VLAN)
a grouping of some computers on a local area network (LAN) that are configured to behave as if they have their own separate LAN. Allow users to create an encrypted connection to their home or business network via the Internet when accessing the network remotely
Digital subscriber line (DSL)
a type of broadband Internet service that uses telephone lines to carry Internet traffic speeds up to 1.5Mbps or more while allowing you to use your phone for normal functions at the same time.
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
a form of DSL that enables faster downloads than uploads. Can be provided over high-quality existing phone lines and is well suited for residential and small business use
Synchronous DSL (SDSL)
a type of DSL connection in which upload and download speeds are the same. SDSL connections are markets to business rather than to home users and almost always require a newly installed circuit to the location and professional installation
dial-up
a network connection that uses an analog (phone line) modem to make a direct connection to a remote computer via phone line
fiber
short for fiber optic; network cable that uses glass fibers to transmit photons to carry data
satellite
An Internet provider option that uses dish antennas similar to satellite TV antennas to receive and transmit signals between geosynchronous satellites and computers
Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN)
a set of standards originally developed to provide an all-digital method for connecting multiple telephone and telephony-type devices to provide a faster connection for teleconferencing for remote computer users
line-of-sight wireless
a type of wireless networking in which fixed microwave towers are used to send and receive signals. A popular type of Internet and TV access in rural areas
Local area network (LAN)
a group of computers and other devices usually located in a small area such as a house, a small office, or a single building
Wide area network (WAN)
a group of one or more LANs over a large geographic area
Personal area network (PAN)
a network that is larger than a LAN and smaller than a WAN
Metropolitan area network (MAN)
a smaller version of a WAN. Typically used when a company has two offices in the same city and wants to make a high-speed connection between them
Wireless mesh networks (WMN)
a communications network made up of a cloud of radio nodes organized in a mesh topology. A mesh involves many interconnections among devices or nodes
cable stripper
a tool used to strip a portion of the plastic jacket off of a cable to expose the individual wires
crimper
a tool used to attach a connector to the end of raw twisted pair (TP) or coaxial cable
punchdown tool
a tool that punches down the individual wires into the 110 IDC clips of an RJ-45 jack and a patch panel
multimeter
a tool that can be used to test both coaxial and TP cabling and AC and DC voltage
tone generator and probe
a kit that consists of two parts: a tone device, which connects to one end of a network cable that, when turned on, sends a tone along the length of the cable; and a probing device, also known as an inductive amplified, that can pick up the tone anywhere along the cable length and at the termination point
cable tester
a tool that test each wire in a cable and makes sure each one is wired properly
loopback plug
a plug that routes output to input wires to enable a port to be tested for proper send/receive functions. Widely available for testing Ethernet ports as well as legacy COM and LPT ports. Some BIOS/UEFI and third-party vendors also offer USB loopback plugs
WiFi analyzer
a device or an app that detects WiFi signals and determines signal strength
