Chapter 2: Microbial Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
Resolution
Ability to distinguish two adjacent objects
Limitation in ability to see small objects (magnification or resolution)
Resolution
Equation for total magnification in a compound light microscope
total magnification = magnification of objective lens * magnification of ocular lens
Gram positive color
Purple-violet
Gram negative color
Pink
Major morphologies
Coccus, rod/baccillus, spirilla
Coccus shape
spherical or ovoid
Spirilla shape
spiral
Baccillus shape
rod
Is cell morphology a good predictor of cell properties?
no
Uniport direction
carry substance unidirectionally; into or out of the cell
Antiport direction
into the cell with one substance, out with another
Symport direction
transport a molecule with a second substance
Peptidoglycan
Major component of cell walls in bacteria
LPS
Lipopolysaccharide
Also known as “outer membrane”
Only in gram negative cells
Enzyme responsible for transporting peptidoglycans across the cell wall
Flippase
Archaeal membranes
- Use ether linkages instead of -ester
- Have no fatty acids
Function of membranes
- Permeability barrier
- Protein anchor
- Energy conservation
Types of membrane transport
- Simple transport
- Group translocation
- ABC systems
Arachaeal cell wall component
Pseudomurein; analogous to peptidoglycan
Most common endospore genuses
- Bacillus
- Clostridium
Major component of endospores
Dipicolinic acid
Types of locomotion
- Flagella
- Gliding
- Chemotaxis and other taxis
Flagella arrangements
Peritrichous - all around the cell
Polar - on the end
Lophotrichous - tufts of flagella
Type of “-taxis”
Chemotaxis Phototaxis Aerotaxis Osmotaxis Hydrotaxis Magnetotaxis
