Chapter 2: Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Resolution

Answer 1

Ability to distinguish two adjacent objects

Question 2

Limitation in ability to see small objects (magnification or resolution)

Answer 2

Resolution

Question 3

Equation for total magnification in a compound light microscope

Answer 3

total magnification = magnification of objective lens * magnification of ocular lens

Question 4

Gram positive color

Answer 4

Purple-violet

Question 5

Gram negative color

Answer 5

Pink

Question 6

Major morphologies

Answer 6

Coccus, rod/baccillus, spirilla

Question 7

Coccus shape

Answer 7

spherical or ovoid

Question 8

Spirilla shape

Answer 8

spiral

Question 9

Baccillus shape

Answer 9

rod

Question 10

Is cell morphology a good predictor of cell properties?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

Uniport direction

Answer 11

carry substance unidirectionally; into or out of the cell

Question 12

Antiport direction

Answer 12

into the cell with one substance, out with another

Question 13

Symport direction

Answer 13

transport a molecule with a second substance

Question 14

Peptidoglycan

Answer 14

Major component of cell walls in bacteria

Question 15

LPS

Answer 15

Lipopolysaccharide
Also known as “outer membrane”
Only in gram negative cells

Question 16

Enzyme responsible for transporting peptidoglycans across the cell wall

Answer 16

Flippase

Question 17

Archaeal membranes

Answer 17

• Use ether linkages instead of -ester

- Have no fatty acids

Question 18

Function of membranes

Answer 18

• Permeability barrier
• Protein anchor
• Energy conservation

Question 19

Types of membrane transport

Answer 19

• Simple transport
• Group translocation
• ABC systems

Question 20

Arachaeal cell wall component

Answer 20

Pseudomurein; analogous to peptidoglycan

Question 21

Most common endospore genuses

Answer 21

• Bacillus

- Clostridium

Question 22

Major component of endospores

Answer 22

Dipicolinic acid

Question 23

Types of locomotion

Answer 23

• Flagella
• Gliding
• Chemotaxis and other taxis

Question 24

Flagella arrangements

Answer 24

Peritrichous - all around the cell
Polar - on the end
Lophotrichous - tufts of flagella

Question 25

Type of “-taxis”

Answer 25

Chemotaxis
Phototaxis
Aerotaxis
Osmotaxis
Hydrotaxis
Magnetotaxis