Chapter 10: Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Question 1

Bacterial mutation more quick than eukaryotes? why?

Answer 1

Yes; same mutation rate but quicker generation time

Question 2

Ames test

Answer 2

Screening for carcinogens by looking for reversion mutation in auxotrophs
Ex: use salmonella auxotrophs in the histodine operon
Looking for reversion of his- to his+

Question 3

Auxotroph

Answer 3

Mutant with requirement for growth not shared by the parent

Question 4

Recombination

Answer 4

Physical exchgane of DNA between genetic elements

Question 5

Transformation

Answer 5

Free DNA is incorporated into recipient cell

Question 6

Competency

Answer 6

Cell that is capable of taking up DNA and undergoing transformation

Question 7

Transfection

Answer 7

Transformation of bacteria with DNA extracted by phage

Question 8

Transduction

Answer 8

Bacterial virus transfers DNA from one cell to another

Question 9

Generalized transduction

Answer 9

Transfer of any gene from one bacterium to another at low frequency

Question 10

Specialized transduction

Answer 10

Phage accidentally incorporates host gene into replicated DNA
Efficient, selective, only small region of host chromosome can be transferred

Question 11

Phage conversion

Answer 11

Phenotype of host cell is altered by lysogeny

Question 12

Conjugation

Answer 12

f+ cells attach to f- cells using pilus
send ssDNA into f- cells
rolling circle replication

Question 13

Hfr cells

Answer 13

have F plasmid integrated into their chromosome

transfers all of a cell’s chromosome, not just the plasmid