Chapter 2 - Life's Chemical Basis

Question 1

Is the statement true or false? All atoms consist of electrons, protons, neutrons.

Answer 1

False, H lacks neutrons

Question 2

In the periodic table, symbols for the elements are arranged according to ____________.

a. size
b. charge
c. mass number
d. atomic number

Answer 2

d. atomic number

Question 3

A(n) __________ is a molecule into which a radioisotope has been incorporated.

Answer 3

b. tracer

Question 4

An ion is an atom that has ________.

a. the same number of electrons and protons
b. different numbers of electrons and protons

Answer 4

b. different numbers of electrons and protons

Question 5

The measure of an atom’s ability to pull electrons away from another atom is called ___________.

a. electronegativity
b. polarity
c. charge
d. concentration

Answer 5

a. electronegativity

Question 6

The mutual attraction of opposite charges holds atoms together as molecules in a(n) __________ bond.

a. ionic
b. hydrogen
c. polar covalent
d. nonpolar covalent

Answer 6

a. ionic

Question 7

Atoms share electrons unequally in a(n) ___________ bond.

Answer 7

polar covalent

Question 8

A(n) ___________ substance repels water.

a. acidic
b. basic
c. hydrophobic
d. polar

Answer 8

c. hydrophobic

Question 9

A salt releases ions other than ___________ in water.

Answer 9

H+ and OH-

Question 10

Hydrogen ions (H+) are __________.

a. indicated by a pH scale
b. unbound protons
c. in blood
d. all of the above

Answer 10

d. all of the above

Question 11

When dissolved in water, a(n) ___________ donates H+; a(n) ___________ accepts H+.

a. acid; base
b. base; acid
c. buffer; solute
d. base; buffer

Answer 11

a. acid; base

Question 12

A(n) _________ is a chemical partnership between a week acid or base and its salt.

a. covalent bond
b. hydrogen bond
c. buffer
d. pH

Answer 12

c. buffer

Question 13

A(n) _____________ is dissolved in a solvent.

a. molecule
b. solute
c. salt
d. acid

Answer 13

b. solute

Question 14

Match the terms with their most suitable description.

\_\_\_\_ hydrophilic 
\_\_\_\_ atomic number 
\_\_\_\_ charged atom
\_\_\_\_ mass number
\_\_\_\_ temperature 
\_\_\_\_ uncharged
\_\_\_\_ negative charge 
\_\_\_\_ positive charge 

a. protons > electrons
b. number of protons in nucleus
c. polar; easily dissolves in water
d. ion
e. protons < electrons
f. protons = electrons
g. measure of molecular motion
h. number of protons and neutrons in atomic nucleus

Answer 14

Match the terms with their most suitable description.

(c) hydrophilic
(b) atomic number
(d) charged atom
(h) mass number
(g) temperature
(f) uncharged
(e) negative charge
(a) positive charge

a. protons > electrons
b. number of protons in nucleus
c. polar; easily dissolves in water
d. ion
e. protons < electrons
f. protons = electrons
g. measure of molecular motion
h. number of protons and neutrons in atomic nucleus