Chapter 2 - History/Organization of Police Flashcards
When did policing first emerge?
The 9th century in Europe.
What was the first major system of policing?
The Tithing System.
How was the tithing system organized?
Citizens were organized into groups of 10 families who were responsible for their group’s behaviour. 10 groups came together to become a 100, and they elected a leader from among them to be their shire-reeve.
What did the phrase “shire-reeve” evolve into?
Sherriff.
What came after the tithing system?
The Frankpledge System (11C)
How was the Frankpledge system different from the tithing system?
Citizens pledged to uphold the law, courts became more formalized, shire-reeves powers became limited to enforcing the law (took on less of a judge role).
In the Frankpledge system, who dealt with smaller crimes?
Court-tourns.
In the Frankpledge system, what evolved to deal with more serious matters?
A jury system.
What is a constable? And what did they deal with in the Frankpledge system?
The lowest rank in the police force, they dealt primarily with local matters.
What system emerged after the Frankpledge system?
The Statue of Winchester (13C)
What did the Statute of Winchester do to improve on the justice system?
It established a code that dictated police practices, it formalized what was already being done,
Who replaced the shire-reeves?
Justices of the peace.
What is the watch and ward system?
A 24 hour surveillance system. Night was watch, day was ward.
After calls for reform to the justice system, in what form did it arrive?
Sir Robert Peel’s vision.
What was Sir Robert Peel’s official name for the legislation?
The Metropolitan Police Act.
