Ch. 15 - Crime Prevention

Question 1

What is crime intervention?

Answer 1

Any pre-emptive intervention intended to block or reduce the risk of a criminal act occurring or the onset of criminal behaviour within an individual.

Question 2

What does crime prevention focus on?

Answer 2

How we detect, prosecute, and punish crimes. Specific focus on potential victims and offenders.

Question 3

How does crime prevention differ from the justice system in its approach to crime?

Answer 3

It is proactive instead of reactive.

Question 4

What does crime prevention involve?

Answer 4

A problem-oriented approach that stresses flexibility and individualization.

Question 5

What is key to crime prevention?

Answer 5

Meaningful partnerships between the community and various state agencies.

Question 6

What does crime prevention prioritize?

Answer 6

Informal social control over formal social control.

Question 7

How does crime prevention apply to individuals?

Answer 7

They work to improve the functioning of the individual, not to control them.

Question 8

What are the four dominant crime prevention approaches?

Answer 8

Crime prevention through social development (CPSD), situational crime management (SCP), community crime prevention (CCP), and community and problem-oriented policing (CPP).

Question 9

What does crime prevention through social development (CPSD) focus on?

Answer 9

The root causes of criminal behaviour.

Question 10

How does CPSD attempt to prevent crime?

Answer 10

By developing risk-focused interventions and enhancing protective factors (focus on family and schools).

Question 11

What are the two types of risk?

Answer 11

Environmental or personal.

Question 12

What are some examples of environmental risks?

Answer 12

Poverty and poor education.

Question 13

What are some examples of personal risks?

Answer 13

Learning disabilities, addictions, mental health problems, etc.

Question 14

What do CPSD school programs focus on?

Answer 14

Giving those at risk the necessary life skills such as critical thinking and decision making skills, as well as someone in control.

Question 15

What do CPSD family programs focus on?

Answer 15

Encouragement and making healthy families.

Question 16

What does Situational Crime Prevention (SCP) focus on?

Answer 16

The management, design, or manipulation of the immediate physical and human environment so as to remove or reduce opportunities for specific crimes.

Question 17

What is the key concept for SCP?

Answer 17

A focus on eliminating opportunities for crime; such as graffiti, use of parks, good lighting, good locks, etc.

Question 18

What are the hypotheses behind SCP?

Answer 18

Most crimes involve motivated offenders and potential victims coming together at a particular time/place, many types of crime are opportunistic, and criminal behaviour is a rational decision-making process.

Question 19

What three elements are necessary for crime to occur?

Answer 19

Motivated offenders, suitable tarets, and lack of supervision over those targets.

Question 20

What does SCP seek to do, based on the theories that drive it?

Answer 20

Increase the effort required by the offender, increase the risk to the offender of apprehension, reduce the rewards to the offender, remove people’s excuses to commit crime, and reduce provocations.

Question 21

What does Community Crime Prevention (CCP) do?

Answer 21

Incorporates the community defence model and the community development model.

Question 22

What is the community defence model?

Answer 22

Mobilizing local residents to watch out for suspicious activities and individuals.

Question 23

What is the development model?

Answer 23

Promoting the physical, social, and socioeconomic development of a neighbourhood.

Question 24

What does the CCP focus on?

Answer 24

Developing a cohesive collection of residents who join together to prevent and control crime; emphasizing collective efficacy.

Question 25

What does community and problem-oriented policing involve?

Answer 25

Contributing to the broader safety, security, and health of a community through strong partnerships with the community and the empowerment of that community; supporting citizen-based initiatives and enforcing informal social control mechanisms in the community.

Question 26

What is CPP all about?

Answer 26

Partnerships between the community and the police.

Question 27

How does the partnership between the community and the police in CPP work?

Answer 27

The community comes up with solutions and the police help them implement it.

Question 28

What concept is central to CPP?

Answer 28

Seeking to address the underlying problems that contribute to crime, with a focus on results. Address what went wrong, and what must be improved upon.