Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Question 1

Phenotypes

Answer 1

directly observable characteristics(height,hair color, athleticism,etc) *Also affected by each person’s lifelong history of experiences

Question 2

Genotype

Answer 2

complex blend of genetic information thatdetermines our species and influences all our uniquecharacteristics

Question 3

Chromosomes

Answer 3

Store and transit genetic information

Question 4

Autosomes

Answer 4

22 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes that are matching pairs (NOT sex chromosomes)

Question 5

Intersex

Answer 5

People born with any range of sex characteristics that may not fit notions of binary “male” or “female” bodies
External genitals do not match internal gentiles
Chromosomes, genitals, or internal sex organs
Some traits identified at birth, others not discovered until puberty or beyond
Occurs as a result of number of sex chromosomes, gonadal differences, natal exposure to unusual levels of sex hormones, or different responses to sex hormones.
Existence of people with intersex traits is redefining sex as a spectrum

Question 6

Meiosis

Answer 6

the process in which Gametes (sex cells) are formed through cell division

Question 7

Gametes

Answer 7

sex cells (sperm and ovum) created by meiosis containingonly 23 chromosomes

Question 8

zygote

Answer 8

Cell formed when sperm and ovum unite at conception
Contains 46 chromosomes
When sperm and ovum unite, zygote will have 46 chromosomes again.
Shuffling of genes that occurs with meiosis produces genetic variability, which is adaptive

Question 9

SES

Answer 9

Social Economic Status.
(1) years of education,
(2) the prestige of one’s job and the skill that’s required,
(3) income
Low SES = families that fall below a particular point on the scale.

Question 10

Affluence and Poverty

Answer 10

Slides 18-19