Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Research Flashcards
What is the definition of child development?
The biological, psychological, and emotional that occur in human beings between birth and the conclusion of adolescence
- What are the 3 domains of development?
Physical, Cognitive, Emotional, and Social
Physical
Body Size and proportions; Appearance; Functioning of body-systems health; Perceptual & motor capacities
Cognitive
Intellectual abilities: attention, memory, academic, and everyday knowledge; problem-solving, imagination, creatively and language
What are the 3 basic issues theories are organized around?
Continuous or discontinuous development?
One course of development or many?
Roles of genetic and environmental factors?
Continuous
a process of gradually adding more of the same types of skills that were there to begin with
Discontinuous
A process in which new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at specific times
Stages
Qualitative changes in thinking, feeling, and behaving that characterize specific periods of development
What are the three things that theory can do with behavior?
an orderly, integrated set of statements that describes, explains and predicts behavior
Why have views of children and childhood changed over time?
Context (culture, and technology are key).
Views of children and childhood have changed over time
Some things are understood and are still relevant today and others are not
What are the 3 mid-twentieth-century theories?
Psychoanalytic Perspective, Behaviorism, and Cognitive developmental theory
Major theorist for the psychoanalytic Perspective
Freud and Erickson, major focus:
The psychoanalytic perspective assumes that children move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. How these conflicts are resolved determines their ability to learn, get along with others, and cope with anxiety.
Behaviorism: Skinner
Operant Conditioning: Reinforcers and Punishments
Still most used in parent training interventions
Give attention to behaviors you want to see, ignore those you don’t want to see
May not address emotional development though.
Behaviorism: Bandura
Now focuses more on social-cognitive
The way children think affects how they model after others
Children become selective in what they imitate as their views of themselves are shaped
Cognitive developmental: Piaget
Children move through stages of cognitive awareness and change their faulty thinking as they have new experiences and as their brains develop
