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AP Biology Flashcards (From Books) > Chapter 2 Flashcards (Unit 1) > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards (Unit 1)

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

It refers to anything that takes up space and has mass

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2
Q

What are the three states that matter exists in?

A

Solid, Liquid, and Gas

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3
Q

What basic substance(s) is matter composed of?

A

Elements

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4
Q

What is an element?

A

It is a substance that cannot be broken down to simpler substances with different property

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5
Q

What two kinds of properties are there?

A

Chemica/Physical

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6
Q

How many naturally occuring elements are there?

A

92

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7
Q

What are the elemnts that are basic to life?

A

CHNOPS (Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur)

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8
Q

What was John Dalton’s discovery?

A

Atoms

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9
Q

What is an atom?

A

It is the smallest unit of matter. Atoms make up elements, and display the properties of elements as well

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10
Q

What is the atomic symbol used for?

A

It is used to depict the name of the element

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11
Q

What are the subatomic particles inside an atom

A

Electrons, Protons, Neutrons

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12
Q

Where are the subatomic particles located?

A

Protons and Neutrons are located within the nucleus, Electrons move around the nucleus.

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13
Q

What is the electron shell?

A

It is the average location of the electrons

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14
Q

What does the atomic number represent?

A

The atomic number represents the number of protons/electrons within a particular element

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15
Q

What is the mass number of the atom dependent on?

A

It is dependent on the number of subatomic particles in that atom

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16
Q

What is the mass number?

A

It is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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17
Q

Who developed the periodic table?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

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18
Q

What is the atomic mass?

A

It is the average of the AMU for all of the isotopes of the atom

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19
Q

What are isotopes?

A

They are the atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutronss

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20
Q

How can the radiation that is given off by various radioactive isotopes be detected?

A

Geiger counter is an instrument that is commonly used

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21
Q

What is a tracer?

A

A small amount of radioactive isotope that is used to detect molecular changes

22
Q

What is one medical application of highly radioactive substances?

A

Sterilization (like cleaning)

23
Q

What is the bohr model in the electron?

A

The electrons shells about the nucleus also represent energy levels

24
Q

What is the outermost shell called?

A

The valence shell

25
Q

When does a compound exist?

A

A compound exists when two or more elements have bonded together

26
Q

What is a molecule?

A

The smallest part of a compound that still has the properties of the particular compound

27
Q

What information does a formula give?

A

It tells you the number of each kind of atom in a molecule

28
Q

What do spontaneous chemical reactions release?

A

They release energy

29
Q

What is an ion?

A

It is a partice that has a charge (due to electron transfer)

30
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

It is the bond between a negatively and positively charged ion

31
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

It is a bond that occurs when two atoms share electrons in such a way that each atom has an octet of electrons in the outer shell

32
Q

How many electrons does hydrogen require to complete it’s outer level?

A

2

33
Q

When does a non polar occur?

A

When the sharing of electrons between two atoms (in a covelent bond) is equal

34
Q

What is electronegativey dependent on?

A

On the number of protons-the greater the number of protons, the greater the electronegativity

35
Q

What is a polar covalent bond?

A

It is a covalent bond in which the electrons are not shared equally

36
Q

What is the shape of water/ all organic molecules necessary for?

A

It is necessary to the strutural and functional roles they plan in living things (Lock-key)

37
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

The attraction of a slightly positive hydrogen to a slightly negative atom in the vicinity

38
Q

What are some properties of water? (list 4)

  • It has high heat capacity
  • High heat of evaporation
  • Water is a solvent
  • Water molecules are cohesive and adhesive
A
39
Q

What does water’s high heat of evaporation allow animals living in hot enviromnents to do?

A

It gives them a way to cool themselves

40
Q

What is cohesion?

A

It is the ability of water to cling to eachother due to hydrogen bonding?

41
Q

What is adhesion?

A

Refers tot he ability of water molecules to cling to other polar surfaces

42
Q

Is frozen water more/less dense than liquid?

A

LEss

43
Q

What are acids?

A

They are substances that dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions (H+)

44
Q

The acidity of a substance depends on….

A

How fully it dissociates

45
Q

What are some examples of acidic substances?

A

Lemon juice,vinegar, tomatoes, and coffee

46
Q

What are bases?

A

They are substances that either take up hydrgen ions (H+) or relase hydroxide (OH-) ions

47
Q

What are some examples of bases?

A

Milk of magnesia and ammonia

48
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

It is used to indicate the acidity or basicity of a solution

49
Q

How far does the pH scale run?

A

1-14

50
Q

What is a buffer?

A

It is a combination of chemicals that keeps pH within normal limits

51
Q
A

AP Biology Flashcards (From Books) (9 decks)

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