Chapter 1 (Unit One) Flashcards
What is the meaning of organism?
Living things
What is a cell?
It is the smallest unit of life
What two types of organisms are there?
Unicellular and multicellular
Name the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest
Atom, Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, COmmunity, Ecosystem, Biosphere
What is the one thing that living things need to survive?
They need a source of nutrients
What is energy?
The capacity to do work
What does metabolism mean?
It is the encompassing term for all of the chemical reactions that take place within the body to break down nutrients
What is the ultimate source of energy, for nearly all life?
The sun
What way do plants and certain other organisms obtain energy?
Via photosyntheis s
To survive, it is necessary for an organism to maintain homeostasis..what is homeostasis?
It is the balance between the inside and ouside of an organism
What are some of the factos that need to remain within tolerance level of the organism?
Temperature, moisture level, acididty
How do organisms make sure all of these factors are controlled?
They have intricate feedback and control mechanisms that do not require any conscious activity
Describe this characteristic: Living things respond
living things have to interact with their environment and other living things as well. They have to be able to respond to changes there, in order to successfully continue the species
In order for the continuation of the species, what MUST happen?
Reproduction
Describe this characteristic: Adaptations?
They are modifications that make organisms better able to live in their environment
What do adaptations lead to?
Evolution
Define evolution
The process by which populations of organisms change over the course of many generations to become more suited to their environments
Although all organisms are very diverse, they share the same characterisitcs. True of False
Ture
What is taxonomony?
It is the subject are of identifying and goruping organisms according to certain rules
What are the basic classification categories in taxonomy? (from least inclusive to most inclusive)
Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
What are the three domains?
domain Bacteria, domain Archaea, domain Eukarya
How are domain Bacteria and domain Archaea related?
They both evolved from a common ancestor
What type of organism does Doman Archaea and Domain Bacteria contain?
They contain prokaryotes
What are prokaryotes?
They lack a membrane bound nucleus
What type of organism is found in Domain Eukarya?
Eukaryotes
What is the difference between Archaea and bacteria?
Arcahea organize their DNA differently from bacteria, and their cell walls and membranes are cehmically more similar to eukaryotes to bacteria
What are the four major kingdoms within Domain Eukarya?
Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals
Describe the plant kingdom:
- Made up of certain algae, mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants
- Multicellular, usually with specialized tissues
- Photosynthesize food
Describe the animal kingdom:
- Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, frogs, turtles, birds, and mammals
- Multicellular with specialized tissues containing complex cells
- Ingest food
Describe the Fungi kingdom
- Molds, mushrooms, yeasts, ringworms
- Mostly multicellular filaments with specialized complex cells
- Absorb food
What is the name that describes how scientists name animals?
Binomial Nomenclature
What is binomial nomeclature?
It si the two part named assigned to each species. The first word is the genus and the second word is the specific epithet
What is natural selection?
Some aspect of the environment selectrs the traits that are more apt to be passed down. Those animals with those particular traits will survive, while others will die
What is oen genetic thing that helps natural selection be continued?
Mutations
What is the biosphere?
Zone of air, land and water at he surface of the earth, where organisms exist
Organisms belong to a population, which is what?
All the members of a species within a particular area
What do populations belong to?
They belong to a community
A community’s interaction with the environment forms a—?
ecosystem
What is Biodiversity?
The total number and relative abundance of species, variability of their genes, and the different ecosystems in which they live
What is extinction
Teh death of a species or larger classification category
What is the order of the Scientific Method?
Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment/Observation, Conclusion, Scientific Theory
