chapter 2 DNA

Question 1

what are the 4 bases, and which base are they paired with

Answer 1

Adenine and Thymine
Cytosine and Guanine

Question 2

which bases are purines and which are pyrimidines?

Answer 2

Adenine and Guanine are purines because they have a double ring, Cytosine and Thymine have single ring so they are pyrimidines.

Question 3

difference between DNA and RNA

Answer 3

DNA is found in long strands, and found only in the nucleus, but RNA is found in very short strands in the cytoplasm.

Question 4

what bonds hold dinucleotides together?

Answer 4

phosphodiester bonds

Question 5

structure of DNA?

Answer 5

double helix, antiparallel strands

Question 6

structure of RNA?

Answer 6

single strand

Question 7

which base is only found in RNA

Answer 7

Uracil

Question 8

which base does uracil pair with

Answer 8

Adenine

Question 9

what does ATP stand for?

Answer 9

Adesonine-tri-phosphate

Question 10

what is ATP essential for?

Answer 10

metabolism, energy release in a cell

Question 11

what is ATP comprised of?

Answer 11

Adenine (nitrogenous base)
Ribose sugar
3 phosphate ions

Question 12

which enzyme is used to create ATP from ADP

Answer 12

ATP synthase

Question 13

ATP + water =

Answer 13

ADP +Pi (energy)

Question 14

which two enzymes are involved in DNA replication

Answer 14

DNA helicase and DNA polymerase

Question 15

what is phosphorylation

Answer 15

when the phosphate ion that has been broken off an ATP molecule bonds with other molecules to make them more reactive