Bioloical molecules 1.1 - 1.4 Flashcards
What is a monosacchride
a singular monomer
describe disaccharides and polysacchrides
diasaccharides- pairs of monomers
polysacchrides- many monomers bound together
what is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?
Alpha glucose the hydrogen is Above the OH on th right hand side, with Beta the hydrogen is Below.
what is a condensation reaction
the joining of 2 molecules creating a chemicalbond and removing water
what is a hydrolysis reaction
the breaking of the chemical bonds between 2 molecules, involving the use of water.
glucose + glucose =
maltose (non reducing sugar )
glucose +fructose =
sucrose
glucose + galactose =
lactose
what is the name of the bond formed through a condensation reaction?
glycosidic bond
which type of monomer is insoluble and why?
polymers- due to their large structures.
what is the benefit of polysaccharides being insoluble?
polysaccharides being insoluble provides plants with storage. when they break down, they break into monosaccharides and disaccharides
what is the use of cellulose in a plant
cellulose in plants provides the plant with structural support.
3 monosaccharides :
fructose, galactose and glucose
3 disaccharides:
lactose, maltose, sucrose
3 polysaccharides:
starch, cellulose, glycogen
describe the makeup of starches
polysaccharides
alpha glucose monosaccharides
glocosidic bonds formed by condensation reactions
how are starches suited for their role of energy storage (4 points)
insoluble, meaning no water can be drawb in through osmosis.
does not diffuse out of cells.
compact
when hydrolised forms alpha glucose, which is easily transported and used for respiration.
how is glycogen suited for its role
insoluble, does not draw water into the cells through osmosis
will not diffuse out of cells due to insolubility
more highly branched than starches, therefore has more ends that can be acted on simultaneously by enzymes
what is the difference between glycogen and starches
glycogen is used to store energy in animals, whereas starches are the plants energy store
how does cellulose differ from glycogen and starches
cellulose is made of monomers of beta glucose rather than the alpha glusoce that the starches and cellulose are made of.
this means the cellulose has straight unbranched chains.
sugars with 6 carbon atoms are called…
hexose
why do enzyme require a lower temperature when hydrolising diasaccharides
because there is a risk of denaturing the enzyme if temperatures are too high,however they require an activation energy (40*)
what is the name of molecules with the same formula bit different structure
isomers
(eg glucose)
