Chapter 2: Cultural Identity Development

Question 1

A complex process of moving from a state of racial unawareness and non identification to one of awareness and self-identification

Answer 1

Racial identity development

Question 2

A complex process in which individuals negotiate the degree that particular ethnicities belong to them

Answer 2

Ethnic identity development

Question 3

Discusses the interaction effects of expressed racial identity development strata between client and counselor and the effects of those interactions on therapeutic change

Answer 3

Racial interaction theory

Question 4

Emphasize congruent race-based communications that deny or avoid tension

Answer 4

Parallel interactions

Question 5

Marked by differentiated social statuses of the participants, with the participant of higher social power exhibiting a less complex ego status

Answer 5

Regressive interactions

Question 6

Marked by the participant of higher social power possessing a more cognitively complex ego status and therefore being able to respond to racial events in a more complete and growth-engendering manner

Answer 6

Progressive interactions

Question 7

The self-perceived significance of membership in an ethnic group and the attitudes and feelings that are associated with that group

Answer 7

Ethnic identity

Question 8

Umbrella term that is often used to describe the gender identity of people who are gendered differently from the vast majority of individuals, including heterosexuals, gay and lesbian individuals, and people with a bisexual identity

Answer 8

Transgender identity

Question 9

The identity of those whose bodies have transitioned from one sex to the other; may be preoperative, postoperative, or nonoperative

Answer 9

Transsexual identity

Question 10

A search for meaning, transcendence, and purpose; often requires reflection on important questions of life regarding purpose, meaning, destiny, and existence

Answer 10

Spirituality

Question 11

The process of making meaning, or the development of a way of knowing or a way of understanding one’s world that is grounded in universal structures of logic, moral reasoning, locus of authority, perspective, social awareness, and the role of symbolic functions independently of any particular religious belief

Answer 11

Faith