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COMP 210 Intro to Computers > Chapter 2 Closer look at Hardware and Software > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Closer look at Hardware and Software Flashcards

1
Q

Binary computers

A

computers which can understand only two states, usually thought of as off and on represented by the digits 0 and 1

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2
Q

Bit

A

is the smallest unit of data a digital computer can recognize represented by 0 or 1

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3
Q

Byte

A

a group of 8 bits

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4
Q

Kilobyte (KB)

A

approx.1 thousand bytes (1024 bytes)

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5
Q

Megabyte

A

approx 1 million bytes

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6
Q

Gigabyte

A

approx 1 billion bytes

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7
Q

Terabyte

A

approx 1 trillion bytes

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8
Q

Petabyte

A

approx 1000 terabytes

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9
Q

decimal numbering system

A

the numbering system that represents all numbers using 0-9

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10
Q

ASCII

A

American standard code for information interchange

a fixed length binary coding system used to represent text based data for computer processing on many types of computers

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11
Q

Unicode

A

a international coding system that can be used to represent text based data in any written language

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12
Q

mouse

A

a pointing device that the user slides along a flat surface to move a pointer around the screen and clicks its buttons to make selections

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13
Q

stylus

A

pen like device for inputting data

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14
Q

touch screens

A

a display device that is touched with the finger to issue commands or otherwise provide input to the connected device

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15
Q

scanner

A

an input device that reads printed text and graphics and transfers them to a computer in digital form

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16
Q

barcode

A

a machine readable code that represents data as a set of bars

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17
Q

barcode reader

A

an input device that read barcodes

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18
Q

ERFID tag

A

a device containing a tiny chip and a radio antenna that is attached to an object so it can be identified using RFID technology

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19
Q

RFID reader

A

a device used to read RFID tags

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20
Q

Biometric Readers

A

a device used to input biometric data such as and individuals fingerprints or voice.

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21
Q

Digital Camera

A

an input device that takes picture and records them as digital images

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22
Q

OMRs

A

optical mark readers that input data from special forms to score or mark exams, questionnaires ballots etc.

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23
Q

OCR

A

optical character recognition readers

used to read optical characters printed on documents such as invoices and utility bills

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24
Q

MICR

A

magnetic ink character recognition readers

used to read the MICR-encoded bank and account information on cheques in order to sort and process them.

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25
Q

VOIP

A

Voice over internet protocol is used to place telephone calls via a computer

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26
Q

system unit

A

is the main case of a computer
it housed the processing hardware for that computer (i.e. the motherboard, one or more CPUs and several types of memory) as well as a few other devices such as storage divides, power supply and cooling fans.

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27
Q

CPU

A

central processing unit
the chip located on the motherboard of a computer that performs the processing for a computer
also called the processor

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28
Q

microprocessor

A

a CPU for a personal computer

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29
Q

multi-core CPU

A

a CPU that contains the processing components or core of more than one processor in a single CPU

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30
Q

Dual core CPU

A

a CPU that contains two separate processing cores

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31
Q

Quad-core CPU

A

a CPU that contains four separate processing cores

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32
Q

RAM

A

random access memory
chips connected to the motherboard that provide a temporary location for the computer to hold data and program instructions while they are needed

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33
Q

Volatile

A

a characteristic of memory or storage in which data is not retained when the power to the computer is turned off

34
Q

Cache memory

A

is a special group of very fast memory chips located on or close to the CPU
this is used to speed up processing by storing data and instructions that may be needed next by the CPU in handy locations

35
Q

registers

A

are another type of high speed memory built into the CPU to temporarily store data during processing

36
Q

ROM

A

read-only memory
consists of non volatile chips that permanently store data or programs
like RAM these chips are attached to the motherboard inside the system unit and the data or programs are retrieved by the computer when they are needed

37
Q

Flash memory

A

a type of nonvolatile memory into which data can be stored and retrieved.

38
Q

output device

A

a piece of hardware that presents the results of processing in a form the user can understand

39
Q

Display device

A

the most common form of output device. presents output visually on some type of screen aka a monitor

40
Q

CRT monitor

A

Cathode-ray tube
used to be the norm for desktop computers
were large and bulky

41
Q

Flat-panel display

A

thinner new computer screens and TV’s

42
Q

pixels

A

display screens are divided up into small areas or dots

this is the smallest colourable area in an electronic image

43
Q

printer

A

an output device that produces output on paper

44
Q

Laser printer

A

an output device that uses toner powder and technology similar to that of a photocopier to produce images on paper

45
Q

ink jet printers

A

form images by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink from one or more ink cartridges onto the page

46
Q

Speakers

A

another output device to provide audio output

47
Q

Storage medium

A

the part of storage system such as a DVD disc where data is stored.

48
Q

Storage device

A

a piece of hardware, such as a DVD drive into which storage medium is inserted. to be read from or written to.

49
Q

hard drive

A

tthe primary storage system for most computers; used to store most programs and data used with a computer

50
Q

magnetic hard drive

A

a hard drive consisting of one or more metal magnetic disks permanently sealed, along with an access mechanism and read/write heads inside its drive

51
Q

solid state drives (SSD)

A

a hard drive that uses flash memory media instead of metal magnetic hard disks

52
Q

hybrid hard drive

A

a hard drive that contains both a large amount of flash memory and magnetic hard disks

53
Q

internal hard drives

A

permanently located inside a computer’s system unit and is not removerable

54
Q

optical disc

A

type of storage medium read from and written to using a laser beam

55
Q

CD disc

A

a low capacity (typically 650 mb) optical disc that is often used to deliver music and software, as well as to store user data

56
Q

DVD disc

A

a medium capacity (4.7 GB or 8.5 GB) optical disc that is often used to deliver software and movies as well as to store user data

57
Q

Blu-ray Disc

A

a high capacity typically 25GB or 50GB that is often used to deliver high definition movies as well as to store user data.

58
Q

Read only discs

A

CD-ROM, DVD-ROM and BD-ROM

data cannot be erased from these discs

59
Q

Recordable Discs

A

CD-R, DVD-R, DVD+R and BD-R discs

recordable discs cannot be erased

60
Q

Rewritable discs

A

CD-RW, DVD-RW, DVD+RW and BD-RE discs

rewritable optical discs can be written to erased and overwritten

61
Q

Flash memory

A

nonvolatile chips that can be used for storage by the computer or user; can be built into a computer or a storage medium

62
Q

Flash memory card

A

a small, rectangular flash memory medium such as a SD card (secure digital), secure digital high capacity (SDHC), xD picture card etc

63
Q

USB flash drive

A

a small storage device that plugs into a USB port and contains flash memory media

64
Q

remote storage

A

a storage device that is not directly connected to the computer being used, such as one accessed through a local network or the internet

65
Q

On line storage

A

remote storage devices accessed vial the internet also called cloud storage.

66
Q

smart card

A

a credit card sized peice of plastic containing a chip and other circuitry that can store data

67
Q

Communications device

A

a piece of hardware that allows one device to communicate with other devices via a network or the internet.

68
Q

network adapter

A

a network interface such as an expansion card or external network adapter

69
Q

modem

A

a device that enables a computer to communicate over telephone lines

70
Q

software license

A

an agreement either included in a software package or displayed on the screen during installation that specifies the conditions under which a buyer of the program can use it

71
Q

commercial software

A

software that is develped and sold for a profit

72
Q

Shareware

A

software that is distributed on the honor system

73
Q

Freeware

A

software that is given away for free

74
Q

open source software

A

programs made up of source code that is available to the general public. the programs can be copyrighted but individuals and businesses can modify the program and redistribute it but the change must be shared with the open source community and the original copyright notice must remain intact

75
Q

installed software

A

software that must be installed don a computer in order to be used.

76
Q

Web based software

A

software that is delivered on demand via the web; also referred to as software as a service(SaaS) and cloud ware.

77
Q

Ribbon

A

a feture found in recent versions of Microsoft office that uses tabs to organize groups of related commands

78
Q

Editing

A

changing content of a document such as inserting or deleting words.

79
Q

Formatting

A

changing the appearance of a document such as changing the margins or font size

80
Q

File

A

something stored on a storage medium such as a program a document or an image

81
Q

Filename

A

a name given to a file by the user it is used to retrieve the file at a later time

82
Q

Folder

A

a named place on a storage medium into which files can be stored to keep the files stored on that medium organized

COMP 210 Intro to Computers (8 decks)

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