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COMP 210 Intro to Computers > Chapter 1 Intro to the world of computers > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Intro to the world of computers Flashcards

1
Q

Computer literacy

A

The knowledge and understanding of basic computer fundamentals

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2
Q

microcomputers

A

inexpensive personal computer

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3
Q

computer

A

a programmable electronic device that accepts data input, performs processing operations on that data and outputs and stores results

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4
Q

hardware

A

the physical part of a computer system such as the keyboard, monitor, printer etc

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5
Q

internet

A

the largest and most well known computer network linking millions of computers all over the world

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6
Q

netbook

A

a very small notebook computer

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7
Q

processing

A

performing operations on data that has been input into a computer to convert input to output

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8
Q

software

A

the instructions, also called computer programs, that are used to tell a computer what it should do

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9
Q

storage

A

the operation of saving data, programs or output for future use

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10
Q

supercomputer

A

the fastest most expensive and most powerful computer

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11
Q

URL

A

Uniform Resource Locator

An internet address, usually beginning with http://, that uniquely identifies a web page

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12
Q

Web site

A

A collection of related web pages usually belonging to an organization or individual

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13
Q

wireless networking

A

allows the use of computers in virtually any location and both online and offline content to be sent wirelessly from one device to another.

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14
Q

Wireless hotspots

A

internet connections that allow people to connect to the www

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15
Q

authentication systems

A

allows only authorized individuals to enter office building, or access to the company network via access card or finger or hand scan

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16
Q

consumer kiosks

A

consumers access small self service computer based stations that provide information or other services to the public including those used for ATM transactions, bridal registries, ticketing systems

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17
Q

Self check out systems

A

mini computers that allow consumers to pay for their goods without a sales clerk

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18
Q

input

A

the process of entering data into a computer, can also refer to the data itself

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19
Q

output

A

the process of presenting the results of processing, can also refer to the results themselves.

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20
Q

Communications

A

the transmission of data from one device to another

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21
Q

Data

A

raw , unorganized facts

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22
Q

Information

A

Data that has been processed into a meaningful form

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23
Q

IPOS Cycle

A

the information processing cycle

The progression of input, processing, output and storage

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24
Q

Examples of early computers

A

Before 1946

slide rule, punch card tabulating machines

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25
Q

First Generation Computers

A

1946-1957
enormous computers utilizing vacuum tubes
Could only solve one problem at a time
egs ENIAC and UNIVAC

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26
Q

Second Generation computers

A

1958-1963
used transistors (small devices made of semiconductor material that acts like a switch to open or close electronic circuits.
Programming languages were Fortran and cobol

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27
Q

Third Generation computers

A

1964 to 1970
transistor replaced by integrated circuits which incorporate many transistors and electronic circuits on a single tiny silicon chip

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28
Q

Fourth Generation computers

A

1971 to present
increase in amt of transistors on a single chip…leading to invention of microprocessor
IBM PC and Apple Macintosh computers

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29
Q

Transistor

A

small device made of semiconductor material that acts like a switch to open or close electronic circuits

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30
Q

Input devices (egs)

A

egs keyboard, mouse, microphone, digital pens, digital camera, touch pad and touch screens

31
Q

Processing devices (egs)

A

CPU or central processing device

32
Q

CPU

A

Central processing device
considered the brain of the computer
it performs the calculations and comparisons needed for processing and controls the computers operations.

33
Q

Output devices (egs)

A

accepts processed data from the computer and presents the results to the user
egs are monitors, printer, speaker, headphones data projectors

34
Q

Storage devices

A

CD DVD drives, flash memory card readers are used to access data from storage media
hard drives and usb flaw drives includes both a storage device and storage medium in a single piece of hardware.
Used to save data, program settings,, or output for future use; they can be installed to a computer, attached tot he computer as an external drive or accessed remotely thru a network or wireless connection.

35
Q

Communication Devices

A

allow users to communicate electronically with others

hardware include modems, network adapters and routers

36
Q

modem

A

used to connect a computer to the internet

37
Q

network adapters

A

connects an computer to a computer network

38
Q

Routers

A

used to create a small network so a variety of devices can share and internet connection and data

39
Q

Software

A

the programs that allow a computer to operate i.e. the instructions that are used to tell a computer what it should do

40
Q

Operating system

A

the main component of the system software that enables a computer to operate, manage its activities and resources under its control, run application programs and interface with the user.

41
Q

Boot

A

To start up a computer

42
Q

Windows desktop

A

the background work area displaced on the screen for computers running Microsoft Windows

43
Q

Application software

A

programs that enable users to perform specific tasks on a computer such as writing letters or playing games

44
Q

HTML

A

Hypertext Markup Language

computer language used for developing webpages

45
Q

JavaScript

A

scripting languages are used to create interactive web pages

46
Q

Programmers

A

are computer professionals who write the programs for computer use.

47
Q

computer users or end users

A

are the people who used computers to perform tasks or obtain information

48
Q

systems analysts

A

are people who design computer systems to be used within their companies

49
Q

Computer operations personel

A

are people who are responsible for day to day computer operations at a company such as maintaining systems or troubleshooting user related problems.

50
Q

Security specialist

A

are people responsible for securing the company computers and networks against hackers and other intruders

51
Q

embedded computers

A

tiny commuters embedded into products to perform specific functions or tasks for that product

52
Q

mobile device

A

mobile phones, small tablets,and other small personal devices that contain built in computing or internet capabilities

53
Q

personal computers

A

fully functioning portable or desktop computers that are designed to be used by a single individual at a time

54
Q

Midrange servers

A

computers that host data and programs available to a small group of users

55
Q

Mainframe Computers

A

powerful computers used to host a large amount of data and programs available to a wide group of users (used in hospitals, large businesses etc

56
Q

Supercomputers

A

extremely powerful computers used for complex computations and processing

57
Q

portable computers

A

a small personal computer such as a notebook, tablet or netbook that is designed to be carried around easily

58
Q

Notebook computer

A

fully functioning portable computer that opens to reveal a screen and keyboard aka a laptop computer

59
Q

Tablet computers

A

typically notebook sized computers that are designed to be used with digital pens or touch input.

60
Q

Thin clients

A

a personal computer designed to access a network for processing and data storage instead of performing those tasks locally (aka network computer)

61
Q

Internet appliance

A

a specialized network computer designed primarily for internet access and or email exchange

62
Q

Virtualization

A

creating virtual rather than actual versions of a computing resource such as several separate environments that a located on a single server but act like different servers

63
Q

ISP

A

Internet Service Provider

a company that provides internet access, usually for a fee

64
Q

supercomputing cluster

A

a group of numerous smaller computers connected together to act as a single supercomputer

65
Q

Computer network

A

a collection of computers and other hardware devices that are connected together to share hardware, software and data as well as to communicate electronically with one another.

66
Q

www

A

world wide web

the collection of webpages available through the internet

67
Q

Webpage

A

a document typically containing hyperlinks to other documents located on a web server and available through the world wide web.

68
Q

IP address

A

a numeric internet address used to uniquely identify a computer on the internet

69
Q

Domain name

A

a text based internet address used to uniquely identify a computer on the internet

70
Q

username

A

a name that uniquely identifies a user on a specific computer network

71
Q

email address

A

and internet address consisting of a username and computer domain name that uniquely identifies a person on the internet

72
Q

hyperlinks

A

graphics or text linked to other web pages

73
Q

SMS

A

short message service

74
Q

MMS

A

multimedia message service

COMP 210 Intro to Computers (8 decks)

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