Chapter 2 - Chemical Principles

Question 1

____________ are small, simple molecules that usually lack carbon

Answer 1

inorganic compounds

Question 2

____________ are large, structurally complex molecules that always contain a carbon. These are held together by covalent bonds.

Answer 2

organic compounds

Question 3

____________ are groups of atoms that can bind to the carbon skeleton

Answer 3

functional groups

Question 4

____________ provide a quick source of energy and serve as the building block for large, complex carbohydrates.

Answer 4

monosaccahrides

Question 5

Examples of ____________ include glucose, fructose, and deoxyribose

Answer 5

monosaccharides

Question 6

____________ provides structural component for bacterial cell walls.

Answer 6

dissacharide

Question 7

____________ provides a long term energy source and are structural component to plant cell walls.

Answer 7

polysaccharides

Question 8

Protein structure can undergo _________ which is when the protein loses its original shape and loses its function.

Answer 8

denaturation

Question 9

____________ is a linear sequence of amino acids; polypeptide chain/strand.

Answer 9

Primary structure (proteins)

Question 10

____________ occurs when the amino acid chain folds and coils in a helix or pleated sheet.

Answer 10

Secondary structure (proteins)

Question 11

____________occurs when the helix or pleated sheet folds irregularly, forming disulfide bridges, hydrogen bonds, and ionic bonds between amino acids in the chain.

Answer 11

Tertiary structure (protein)

Question 12

____________ consists of two or more polypeptide chains bound to each other

Answer 12

Quarternary structure (protein)

Question 13

____________ are used as an alternative source of energy when carbs are not available.

Answer 13

simple lipids

Question 14

____________ form the phospholipid bilayer of the cell and regulate transport of what enters/leaves the cell.

Answer 14

complex lipids

Question 15

____________ are the structural component to eukaryotic cells

Answer 15

steroids/sterols

Question 16

____________ stores genetic information and contains A-T and C-G base pairing.

Answer 16

DNA

Question 17

____________ is used for protein synthesis and contains adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine.

Answer 17

RNA

Question 18

MATCH: Mycolic acid

Answer 18

complex lipid

Question 19

____________ is a high energy compound.

Answer 19

ATP

Question 20

MATCH: hormones

Answer 20

steroid/sterols

Question 21

MATCH: unsaturated/saturated fatty acids

Answer 21

simple lipids

Question 22

MATCH: waxes

Answer 22

complex lipids

Question 23

MATCH: antibodies

Answer 23

quartenary structure (protein)

Question 24

MATCH: Hemoglobin (Hb)

Answer 24

quartenary structure (protein)

Question 25

MATCH: Disulfide bridges

Answer 25

tertiary structure (protein)

Question 26

MATCH: Enzymes

Answer 26

quaternary structure (protein)

Question 27

MATCH: cellulose

Answer 27

polysaccharide

Question 28

MATCH: lactose

Answer 28

disaccharide

Question 29

_______ is a waxy lipid material present in the cell walls of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Answer 29

Mycolic acid

Question 30

MATCH: 5-pentose sugar

Answer 30

nucleic acid

Question 31

Adenine Triphosephate (ATP) is made up of adenine, ___________, and 3 phosphate groups.

Answer 31

ribose