Chapter 2: Chemical Level Of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

Made up of Atoms

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2
Q

Atoms

A

join together to form chemicals with different characteristics

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3
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons

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4
Q

The Atomic mass

A

The number of protons plus the neutrons

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains the protons and neutrons

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6
Q

Electron cloud

A

Contains electrons

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7
Q

Ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonds

A

Ionic bonds attraction between cations and anions
Covalent bonds have a strong electron bond involving shared electrons
Hydrogen bonds have weak polar bonds based on partial electrical attraction

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8
Q

What is the difference between polar and nonpolar compounds

A

Nonpolar involve the equal sharing of electrons

Polar involve unequal sharing of electrons

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9
Q

Four types of chemical reactions

A

Decomposition reaction AB- A+B
Synthesis reactionA+B-AB
Exchange reaction ( single or double replacement)

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10
Q

Difference between organic and inorganic compounds

A

Inorganic
Molecules not based on carbon and hydrogen
carbon dioxide, oxygen, water and inorganic acids, bases, and salts

Organic
Molecules based in carbon and hydrogen
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids

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11
Q

The difference in acid and a base

A

Acid:

  • solute that adds hydrogen ion to a solution
  • proton donor
  • strong acids disassociate completely insulation

Base:

  • solute that removes that hydrogen ions from a solution
  • a proton acceptor
  • strong bases disassociate completely in a solution
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12
Q

What is the buffer

A

Weak acid and salt compounds

Neutralizes either a strong acid or a strong base

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13
Q

The importance of water

A

solubility, reactivity ,high heat capacity, lubrication

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14
Q

Functions of a carbohydrates

A

Contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide

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15
Q

What is a lipid

A

Made mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms

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16
Q

What are enzymes

A

Protein catalyst that lowers activation energy of reactions