Chapter 2: Chemical Level Of Organization Flashcards
Matter
Made up of Atoms
Atoms
join together to form chemicals with different characteristics
Atomic number
The number of protons
The Atomic mass
The number of protons plus the neutrons
Nucleus
Contains the protons and neutrons
Electron cloud
Contains electrons
Ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonds
Ionic bonds attraction between cations and anions
Covalent bonds have a strong electron bond involving shared electrons
Hydrogen bonds have weak polar bonds based on partial electrical attraction
What is the difference between polar and nonpolar compounds
Nonpolar involve the equal sharing of electrons
Polar involve unequal sharing of electrons
Four types of chemical reactions
Decomposition reaction AB- A+B
Synthesis reactionA+B-AB
Exchange reaction ( single or double replacement)
Difference between organic and inorganic compounds
Inorganic
Molecules not based on carbon and hydrogen
carbon dioxide, oxygen, water and inorganic acids, bases, and salts
Organic
Molecules based in carbon and hydrogen
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids
The difference in acid and a base
Acid:
- solute that adds hydrogen ion to a solution
- proton donor
- strong acids disassociate completely insulation
Base:
- solute that removes that hydrogen ions from a solution
- a proton acceptor
- strong bases disassociate completely in a solution
What is the buffer
Weak acid and salt compounds
Neutralizes either a strong acid or a strong base
The importance of water
solubility, reactivity ,high heat capacity, lubrication
Functions of a carbohydrates
Contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
What is a lipid
Made mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms
