Articulations Flashcards
Articulations
Body movements that occur at joints where two bones meet
Two methods of classification of joints
Functional classification
Structural classification
Functional classifications
Based on range of motion f the joint
- synarthrosis
- amphiarthrosis
- diarthrosis
Structural classifications
Relies on the anatomical organization of the joint
- bony
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial
Synarthroses joints
Immovable Very strong Edges of bones touch or interlock Are 4 types -suture -gomphosis -synchondrosis -synostosis
Amphiarthrosis
More movable Stronger then freely movable Two types -syndrsmosis -symphysis
Diarthrosis
Movable
At the ends of long bones
Lined with synovial membrane
Within articular capsules
Functional classification of synovial joints
Gliding Hinge Pivot Condylar Saddle Ball and socket
Gliding joints
Flattened or slightly curved faces Limited motion ( nonaxial )
Hinge joints
Angular motion in a single plane ( monaxial )
Condylar joints
Oval articular face within a depression
Motion in two planes ( biaxial )
Saddle joints
Two concave, and straddled
Biaxial
Pivot joints
Rotation only ( monaxial )
Ball and socket joints
Round articular face in a depression ( triaxial )
Suture
Bones interlocked
Are bound by dense fibrous connective tissue
Are found only in the skull
Gomphosis
Fibrous connection
Bunds teeth to sockets
Synostosis
Fused bones , immovable
Metopic suture of skull
Epiphyseal lines of long bones
Articular cartilages
Smooth surface is lubricated by synovial fluid to reduce friction
Pad articulating surface are in articular capsules which prevents bones from touching
Synovial fluid
Obtains slippery proteoglycans secreted by fibroblasts
- lubrication
- nutrient distribution
- shock absorption
Accessory stuructures
Cartilages Fat pads Ligaments Tendons Bursae
Cartilages
Cushion the joins
Fat pads
Superficial to the joint capsule
Protects articular cartilages
Ligaments
Support and strengthen joints
Tendons
Attach to muscle around joint
Help support the joint
Bursae
Singular, bursa, a pouch
Pockets of synovial fluid
Cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub
Injuries
Dislocation: articulating surfaces are forced out of position
Dances to articular cartilage, ligaments and joint capsule
Subluxation: a partial dislocation
Three types of dynamic motion
Linear movement ( gliding )
Angular movement
Rotation
Planes of dynamic motion
Monaxial ( 1 axis )
Biaxial ( 2 axes )
Triaxial ( 3 axes )
