Chapter 2 - Cells Flashcards
Name the parts of the animal cell
cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, vacuole
Name the parts of a plant cell
cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, nucleus
Define cell
the smallest unit from which all organisms are made of
Define unicellular
made up of one cell
Define multicellular
made of many cells
Define electron micrograph
an image taken with an electron microscope. These can magnify up to 500, 000 times
What are the 4 characteristics of the cell membrane?
- thin layer of protein and fat
- controls what enters and leaves the cell
- surrounds cytoplasm of every cell
- partially-permeable
What are the 4 characteristics of the cell wall?
- layer of cellulose that surrounds the cell membrane
- animal cells don’t have cell walls
- protects and supports the cells
- fully permeable
What are the 3 characteristics of the cytoplasm?
- clear jelly mixture where metabollic reactions occur
- mostly water
- has substances dissolved in it
What is the 1 characteristic of the vacuole?
- fluid filled space inside a cell with its own membrane around it
What do vacuoles in the plant cell contain?
cell sap
What is the 1 characteristic of the nucleus?
- contains and stores genetic information as chromosomes
What are the 2 characteristics of the DNA?
- made of chromosomes
- determines which proteins are made
What are the 4 characteristics of chloroplasts?
- never found in animal cells
- found in most plant cells
- contains green pigment called chlorophyll
- contains starch which stores food from photosynthesis
Define chlorophyll
a green pigment that absorbs energy from sunlight to create food for the plant
or
a green pigment that does photosynthesis
What are the 4 characteristics of the mitochondria?
- found in both animal and plant cells
- does aerobic respiration
- main way cell gets energy
- more energy needed → more mitochondria
Define aerobic respiration
chemical reaction where oxygen breaks down glucose to make energy
insert image of microscope unlabelled, ask Emma for help
label the microscope
What are the objective lenses usually?
4x, 10x, 40x, 100x
Why do cells divide?
to create new cells
Where does cell division happen?
in animal, plant and bacteria cells
Define specialized cell
cells that are adapted to preform a specific function
Name all 7 specialized cells
- ciliated cell
- neuron
- red blood cell
- sperm cell
- egg cell
- root hair cell
- palisade mesophyll cell
Where are ciliated cells found and what is their function?
found: lining the trachea and bronchi in animals
function: membrane extensions to help move mucus up and out
Where are neurons found and what is their function?
found: nervous system or animals
function: conduct electrical impulses
Where are red blood cells found and what is their function?
found: blood of mammals
function: transport oxygen
Where are sperm cells found and what is their function?
found: testes of mammals
function: male gamete in sexual reproduction
Where are egg cells found and what is their function?
found: ovaries of mammals
function: female gamete in sexual reproduction
Where are root hair cells found and what is their function?
found: near root tips of flowering plants
function: absorb water and mineral ions from soil
Where are palisade mesophyll cells found and what is their function?
found: leaves of flowering plants
function: photosynthesis
What is the process of cells to organism?
cells → tissues → organ → organ system → organism
Define tissue
a group of cells that do the same job
Define organ
groups of different tissues that carry out a particular function
What do we need to know to figure out the actual size of an image?
magnification
Does magnification have units?
no
What is the equation of magnification
image size/actual size = magnification
What are the parts of a bacteria cell?
cell wall, cell membrane, flagellum, plasmids, cytoplasm, ribosomes, cetcular DNA
What is the cell wall made of in bacteria?
peptidoglycan
Are bacteria mostly multicellular or unicellular
unicellular
What is the function of the cell wall in a bacteria cell?
to support cell and stop the cell from bursting
What is the function of the cell membrane?
to control what enters and leaves the cell
What do bacteria cells have instead of a nucleus?
circles of DNA called plasmids
Some bacteria have flagella, what does this do and where is it found?
found in bacteria cells and helps bacteria move
