Chapter 2 - Cells

Question 1

Name the parts of the animal cell

Answer 1

cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, vacuole

Question 2

Name the parts of a plant cell

Answer 2

cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, nucleus

Question 3

Define cell

Answer 3

the smallest unit from which all organisms are made of

Question 4

Define unicellular

Answer 4

made up of one cell

Question 5

Define multicellular

Answer 5

made of many cells

Question 6

Define electron micrograph

Answer 6

an image taken with an electron microscope. These can magnify up to 500, 000 times

Question 7

What are the 4 characteristics of the cell membrane?

Answer 7

• thin layer of protein and fat
• controls what enters and leaves the cell
• surrounds cytoplasm of every cell
• partially-permeable

Question 8

What are the 4 characteristics of the cell wall?

Answer 8

• layer of cellulose that surrounds the cell membrane
• animal cells don’t have cell walls
• protects and supports the cells
• fully permeable

Question 9

What are the 3 characteristics of the cytoplasm?

Answer 9

• clear jelly mixture where metabollic reactions occur
• mostly water
• has substances dissolved in it

Question 10

What is the 1 characteristic of the vacuole?

Answer 10

• fluid filled space inside a cell with its own membrane around it

Question 11

What do vacuoles in the plant cell contain?

Answer 11

cell sap

Question 12

What is the 1 characteristic of the nucleus?

Answer 12

• contains and stores genetic information as chromosomes

Question 13

What are the 2 characteristics of the DNA?

Answer 13

• made of chromosomes
• determines which proteins are made

Question 14

What are the 4 characteristics of chloroplasts?

Answer 14

• never found in animal cells
• found in most plant cells
• contains green pigment called chlorophyll
• contains starch which stores food from photosynthesis

Question 15

Define chlorophyll

Answer 15

a green pigment that absorbs energy from sunlight to create food for the plant

or

a green pigment that does photosynthesis

Question 16

What are the 4 characteristics of the mitochondria?

Answer 16

• found in both animal and plant cells
• does aerobic respiration
• main way cell gets energy
• more energy needed → more mitochondria

Question 17

Define aerobic respiration

Answer 17

chemical reaction where oxygen breaks down glucose to make energy

Question 18

insert image of microscope unlabelled, ask Emma for help

Answer 18

label the microscope

Question 19

What are the objective lenses usually?

Answer 19

4x, 10x, 40x, 100x

Question 20

Why do cells divide?

Answer 20

to create new cells

Question 21

Where does cell division happen?

Answer 21

in animal, plant and bacteria cells

Question 22

Define specialized cell

Answer 22

cells that are adapted to preform a specific function

Question 23

Name all 7 specialized cells

Answer 23

• ciliated cell
• neuron
• red blood cell
• sperm cell
• egg cell
• root hair cell
• palisade mesophyll cell

Question 24

Where are ciliated cells found and what is their function?

Answer 24

found: lining the trachea and bronchi in animals
function: membrane extensions to help move mucus up and out

Question 25

Where are neurons found and what is their function?

Answer 25

found: nervous system or animals
function: conduct electrical impulses

Question 26

Where are red blood cells found and what is their function?

Answer 26

found: blood of mammals
function: transport oxygen

Question 27

Where are sperm cells found and what is their function?

Answer 27

found: testes of mammals
function: male gamete in sexual reproduction

Question 28

Where are egg cells found and what is their function?

Answer 28

found: ovaries of mammals
function: female gamete in sexual reproduction

Question 29

Where are root hair cells found and what is their function?

Answer 29

found: near root tips of flowering plants
function: absorb water and mineral ions from soil

Question 30

Where are palisade mesophyll cells found and what is their function?

Answer 30

found: leaves of flowering plants
function: photosynthesis

Question 31

What is the process of cells to organism?

Answer 31

cells → tissues → organ → organ system → organism

Question 32

Define tissue

Answer 32

a group of cells that do the same job

Question 33

Define organ

Answer 33

groups of different tissues that carry out a particular function

Question 34

What do we need to know to figure out the actual size of an image?

Answer 34

magnification

Question 35

Does magnification have units?

Answer 35

no

Question 36

What is the equation of magnification

Answer 36

image size/actual size = magnification

Question 37

What are the parts of a bacteria cell?

Answer 37

cell wall, cell membrane, flagellum, plasmids, cytoplasm, ribosomes, cetcular DNA

Question 38

What is the cell wall made of in bacteria?

Answer 38

peptidoglycan

Question 39

Are bacteria mostly multicellular or unicellular

Answer 39

unicellular

Question 40

What is the function of the cell wall in a bacteria cell?

Answer 40

to support cell and stop the cell from bursting

Question 41

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 41

to control what enters and leaves the cell

Question 42

What do bacteria cells have instead of a nucleus?

Answer 42

circles of DNA called plasmids

Question 43

Some bacteria have flagella, what does this do and where is it found?

Answer 43

found in bacteria cells and helps bacteria move