Chapter 1 - Species

Question 1

Define Species

Answer 1

a group of organisms that reproduce with each other to produce a fertile offspring

Question 2

Define fertile

Answer 2

able to reproduce

Question 3

What are the two special features of mule?

Answer 3

• cannot reproduce
  -not considered a species

Question 4

What are species that are closely related grouped into?

Answer 4

a genus

Question 5

Define genus

Answer 5

the name a scientifc species’s name begins with

Question 6

What is the Binomial naming system?

Answer 6

An internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts: genus species

Question 7

Define evolution

Answer 7

process by which living organisms have developed from earlier stages

Question 8

Before DNA, how were species grouped?

Answer 8

by bones and teeth

Question 8

What distincts different species?

Answer 8

number of chromosomes and sequences of DNA bases

Question 8

Define genome

Answer 8

complete set of genetic information for a species

Question 9

What are the 3 characteristics of the animal kingdom? (Animalia)

Answer 9

• multi-cellular
• animal cells have no cell wall nor chloroplasts but have nucleus
• don’t produce their own food

Question 10

What are the 3 characteristics of the plant kingdom?

Answer 10

• nucleus, cell wall and often have chloroplasts
• feed by photosynthesis
• may have roots, stems and leaves

Question 11

What are the 6 characteristics of the fungus kingdom?

Answer 11

• some multi-cellular, most are unicellular
• nucleus and cell wall
• no chlorophyll
• decomposers
• reproduce by forming spores
• main body has microscopic threads called hyphae

Question 12

What does it mean to be a decomposer in the fungus kingdom?

Answer 12

digest waste organic matter and absorb into their cells

Question 13

What are the 4 characteristics of the protoctist kingdom?

Answer 13

• mix of different organisms
• either multicellular or unicellular
• have a nucleus, might have a cell wall and chloroplasts
• feed through organic matter produced by other organisms, some through photosynthesis

Question 14

What are the 7 characteristics of the prokaryote kingdom?

Answer 14

• bacteria
• usually unicellular
• no nucleus
• circular loop of DNA, free in the cytoplasm
• cell wall
• no mitochondria nor other complex membrane - bound organelles
• often have plasmids

Question 15

Define Arthropods

Answer 15

an animal with jointed legs but no backbone

Question 16

What are the 3 characteristics of arachnids?

Answer 16

• 4 pairs of jointed legs
• no antenae
• 2 body sections cephalothorax & abdomen

Question 17

What are the 3 charateristics of mirapods?

Answer 17

• many similar segments
• each segment has at least one pair of legs
• one pair of antenae

Question 18

What are the 3 characteristics of ferns?

Answer 18

• plants with roots, stems & leaves (fronds)
• don’t produce flowers
• reproduce by spores on the outside of fronds

Question 19

What are the 3 characteristics of flowering plants?

Answer 19

• plants with roots, stems and leaves
• reproduce using flowers and seeds
• seeds are produced inside an ovary in the flower

Question 20

What are the differences between dicotyledons and monocotyledons?

Answer 20

Dicotyledons

2 cotyledons (seed leaves)

usually have main root with side roots coming from it

leaves have networks of veins

flower petals in multiples of 4 or 5

vascular bundles in the stem arranged in a ring

Monocotyledons

1 cotyledons (seed leaves)

roots grow directly from stem

leaves have parallel veins

flower petals in multiples of 3

vascular bundles in the stem arranged randomly

Question 21

What are the 3 characteristics of arthropods?

Answer 21

• make up 75% of species of animals in the world
• exoskeleton
• all insects are arthropods

Question 22

Define exoskeleton

Answer 22

a supportive structure on the outside of the body

Question 23

What are the 5 characteristics of insects?

Answer 23

• arthropods with 3 pairs of jointed legs
• 2 pairs of wings (may be vesigal)
• breathe through trachae
  -body is divided into 3 body sections, head, thorax, abdomen
• one pair of antennae

Question 24

Define vesigal

Answer 24

a structure that has evolved to become so small that it is no longer visible

Question 25

What are the 2 characteristics of crustaceans?

Answer 25

• arthropods with more than 4 pairs of jointed legs
• 2 pairs of antennae

Question 26

What are the 2 main characteristics of viruses?

Answer 26

• cannot survive on their own
• not classified in the 5 kingdoms

Question 27

What are the 3 parts of the cell of a virus?

Answer 27

• protein coat
• genetic material (RNA)
• receptors or other things that help the virus cling onto its host

Question 28

How do viruses work? (6)

Answer 28

• virus penetrates the host cell
• takes over “cell machinery”, making cell produce viral DNA and proteins
• new virus particles assemble inside host
• eventually burst out of the cell
• they invade other cells
• cycle repeats

Question 30

What is the viral infection sequence?

Answer 30

1. virus infects cell
2. releases RNA
3. cell produces viral components
4. virus particles assemble
5. virus bursts cell membrane to infect other cels