Chapter 1 - Species Flashcards
Define Species
a group of organisms that reproduce with each other to produce a fertile offspring
Define fertile
able to reproduce
What are the two special features of mule?
- cannot reproduce
-not considered a species
What are species that are closely related grouped into?
a genus
Define genus
the name a scientifc species’s name begins with
What is the Binomial naming system?
An internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts: genus species
Define evolution
process by which living organisms have developed from earlier stages
Before DNA, how were species grouped?
by bones and teeth
What distincts different species?
number of chromosomes and sequences of DNA bases
Define genome
complete set of genetic information for a species
What are the 3 characteristics of the animal kingdom? (Animalia)
- multi-cellular
- animal cells have no cell wall nor chloroplasts but have nucleus
- don’t produce their own food
What are the 3 characteristics of the plant kingdom?
- nucleus, cell wall and often have chloroplasts
- feed by photosynthesis
- may have roots, stems and leaves
What are the 6 characteristics of the fungus kingdom?
- some multi-cellular, most are unicellular
- nucleus and cell wall
- no chlorophyll
- decomposers
- reproduce by forming spores
- main body has microscopic threads called hyphae
What does it mean to be a decomposer in the fungus kingdom?
digest waste organic matter and absorb into their cells
What are the 4 characteristics of the protoctist kingdom?
- mix of different organisms
- either multicellular or unicellular
- have a nucleus, might have a cell wall and chloroplasts
- feed through organic matter produced by other organisms, some through photosynthesis
What are the 7 characteristics of the prokaryote kingdom?
- bacteria
- usually unicellular
- no nucleus
- circular loop of DNA, free in the cytoplasm
- cell wall
- no mitochondria nor other complex membrane - bound organelles
- often have plasmids
Define Arthropods
an animal with jointed legs but no backbone
What are the 3 characteristics of arachnids?
- 4 pairs of jointed legs
- no antenae
- 2 body sections cephalothorax & abdomen
What are the 3 charateristics of mirapods?
- many similar segments
- each segment has at least one pair of legs
- one pair of antenae
What are the 3 characteristics of ferns?
- plants with roots, stems & leaves (fronds)
- don’t produce flowers
- reproduce by spores on the outside of fronds
What are the 3 characteristics of flowering plants?
- plants with roots, stems and leaves
- reproduce using flowers and seeds
- seeds are produced inside an ovary in the flower
What are the differences between dicotyledons and monocotyledons?
Dicotyledons
2 cotyledons (seed leaves)
usually have main root with side roots coming from it
leaves have networks of veins
flower petals in multiples of 4 or 5
vascular bundles in the stem arranged in a ring
Monocotyledons
1 cotyledons (seed leaves)
roots grow directly from stem
leaves have parallel veins
flower petals in multiples of 3
vascular bundles in the stem arranged randomly
What are the 3 characteristics of arthropods?
- make up 75% of species of animals in the world
- exoskeleton
- all insects are arthropods
Define exoskeleton
a supportive structure on the outside of the body
What are the 5 characteristics of insects?
- arthropods with 3 pairs of jointed legs
- 2 pairs of wings (may be vesigal)
- breathe through trachae
-body is divided into 3 body sections, head, thorax, abdomen - one pair of antennae
Define vesigal
a structure that has evolved to become so small that it is no longer visible
What are the 2 characteristics of crustaceans?
- arthropods with more than 4 pairs of jointed legs
- 2 pairs of antennae
What are the 2 main characteristics of viruses?
- cannot survive on their own
- not classified in the 5 kingdoms
What are the 3 parts of the cell of a virus?
- protein coat
- genetic material (RNA)
- receptors or other things that help the virus cling onto its host
How do viruses work? (6)
- virus penetrates the host cell
- takes over “cell machinery”, making cell produce viral DNA and proteins
- new virus particles assemble inside host
- eventually burst out of the cell
- they invade other cells
- cycle repeats
What is the viral infection sequence?
- virus infects cell
- releases RNA
- cell produces viral components
- virus particles assemble
- virus bursts cell membrane to infect other cels
