Chapter 2: Biological world Flashcards
Cells
The basic building blocks of living things
Nutrition
The way in which living things get their food
Excretion
The way in which living things get rid of wastes that they produce
Response
The way in which living things react to changes in their surroundings
Reproduction
The way in which living things produce new living things
Five major groups of living things
Bacteria, Fungi, Plants, Animals, Other(protists)
Bacteria
Tiny microscopic living things. Some cause disease, some cause decay, some are used to produce valuable substances
Fungi
Mushrooms, moulds and yeast
Plants
Trees, grasses, flowers
Animals
Humans, fish, insects
Others (Protists)
Seaweeds, amoeba
Vertebrates definition and eg
- animals that have backbones
Eg. Horse, seagull
Invertebrates definition and eg
- animals that do not have backbones.
Eg: spider, jellyfish
Biodiversity
Range of living things
Animal cell structure
Cell membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm
Plant cell structure
cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole.
Cell Membrane; function and describe
-retain cell contents and controls what passes in and out of cell.
Describe: The cell membrane is a very thin layer that surrounds the cell.
Nucleus: function & describe
Its function is to act as the control centre of the cell.
Describe: The nucleus is normally round.
Cell wall
Function: gives strength to plant
Describe: A cell wall is found outside the cell membrane in plant cells
Vacuole: describe & function
Describe: contains liquid and if the vacuole is full of liquid, it forces the cytoplasm to push out against the cell wall.
Function: is to give strength to the cell.
Mitochondrion: function
Supplies energy for cell
Chloroplast function
Makes food (by photosynthesis)
Cytoplasm function
Carries out some cell reactions
Supports tiny cell structures
