Chapter 2 (Basic Components of Living Systems) Flashcards
What is the basic unit of life?
Cell
True or False: All living organisms are unicellular.
False
Fill in the blank: The ____ is the control center of a cell.
nucleus
What are the two main types of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Which organelle is responsible for energy production?
Mitochondria
True or False: DNA is found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
True
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane? A) Phospholipids B) Proteins C) Nucleic acids D) Cholesterol
C) Nucleic acids
What is the process by which cells take in nutrients called?
Endocytosis
Fill in the blank: The ____ is a jelly-like substance within the cell.
cytoplasm
What structure protects and gives shape to plant cells?
Cell wall
True or False: All cells contain a nucleus.
False
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
Regulating the entry and exit of substances
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells? A) Membrane-bound organelles B) Nucleus C) Simple structure D) Complex structure
C) Simple structure
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
Proteins
Fill in the blank: The ____ stores genetic information in a cell.
DNA
Which organelle is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins?
Golgi apparatus
True or False: Chloroplasts are found in animal cells.
False
What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesis of proteins
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a function of lysosomes? A) Energy production B) Digestion of waste C) Photosynthesis D) DNA replication
B) Digestion of waste
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
True or False: Viruses are considered living organisms.
False
What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds
What are the four main types of macromolecules found in living organisms?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What is the main energy currency of the cell?
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
Fill in the blank: The ____ regulates the cell’s internal environment.
plasma membrane
Which dyes stain cell components?
Crystal violet and methylene blue. These are positively charged, therefore attracted to negatively charged molecules in cytoplasm.
Which dyes stain outside of cells?
Nigrosin and Congo red. These are negatively charged, so are repelled by the cytoplasm and keep the cells unstained.
