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BIO 160IN Human Anatomy Physiologyq > Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Matter

A

is the substance of living and nonliving objects

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2
Q

Energy

A

is the mover of the substance - the ability to do work

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3
Q

Electrical Energy

A

form of energy used to transmit messages from one part of the body to another

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4
Q

Potential Energy

A

type of energy available when we are still

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5
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

type of energy available when we are exercising

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6
Q

What happens when energy changes from one form to another in the body?

A

Every time energy changes from one form to another, some heat is given off to the enviroment (is lost) and is unsable.

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7
Q

Which four elements make up the bulk of living matter?

A

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen

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8
Q

How is an atom related to an element?

A

An atom is the smallest particle of an element that still retains the element’s properties

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9
Q

Atomic number

A

number of protons its atoms contain. unique number.

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10
Q

Atomic mass number

A

sum of the masses of all the protons and neutrons contained in its nucleus

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11
Q

Radioisotope

A

name given to an unstable atom that has either more or fewer neutrons than its typical number

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12
Q

Molecule

A

two or more atoms chemically bound together

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13
Q

Molecule of an element vs. molecule of a compound

A

A molecule of an element is a chemical combination of two or more atoms of the same kind. In a molecule of a compound, the atoms differ.

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14
Q

Ionic bonds vs. Covalent bonds

A

In ionic bonds, electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another. In covalent bonds, the interacting atoms share one or more electron pairs.

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15
Q

What kind of bond forms between water molecules?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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16
Q

Example of decompistion reaction

A

this reaction occurs when fats are digested in the small intestine

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17
Q

How can you indicate that a chemical reaction is reversible

A

shown by double reaction arrows

18
Q

what property of water prevents rapid changes in body temperature?

A

the high heat capacity of water prevents rapid changes in body temperature

19
Q

Which is a proton donor - an acid or a base?

A

Acids are proton donors

20
Q

Is a pH of 11 acidic or basic?

A

a pH of 11 is basic. 7 is pH midpoint. solutions with a pH lower than 7 are acidic

21
Q

Bases

A

are proton acceptors

22
Q

why is biochemistry considered “wet” chemistry

A

all chemical reactions in the body take place in a watery environment

23
Q

salts are electrolytes means

A

salts conduct an electrical current when dissolved in water

24
Q

monosaccharides

A

structural units of carbohydrates

25
Q

fatty acids

A

structural units of lipids

26
Q

Phospholipids

A

are the most abundant lipids in cellular membranes

27
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

formation of glycogen from glucose

28
Q

primary structure of proteins

A

a chain of camino acids

29
Q

fibrous proteins

A

more important for building body structures than globular proteins

30
Q

How does an enzyme recognize its substrate(s)?

A

the enzyme is able to bind with its substrate(s)

31
Q

DNA vs. RNA (kinds of bases and sugars they contain)

A

DNA contains the bases A, T, G and C and the sugar deoxyribose. RNA contains the bases A, G, C, and U, and its sugar is ribose.

32
Q

what is the vital imporantce of ATP to body cells?

A

ATP is the immediately useful form of energy for all body cells

33
Q

Atomic nucleus

A

contains the mass of the atom // particles can be ejected // contains partciles that determine atomic number

34
Q

element and number of calence-shell electrons. Oxygen, Phosphorus, Carbon

A

Oxygen-6, Phosphorus-5, Carbon-4

35
Q

Important functions of water include

A

(1)provides cushioning (2)acts as a transport medium (3)participates in chemical reactions (4)acts as a solvent for sugars, salts, and other solutes (5)reduces temperature fluctuations

36
Q

Alkaline substances include

A

blood & ammonia

37
Q

Clucose is to starch as

A

(1)a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid OR (2)an amino acid is to a protein

38
Q

Triglyceride

A

lipid type that is stored in fat deposits beneath the skin

39
Q

Absence of the following nitrogen containing bases would prevent protein synthesis

A

Triglyceride, Steroid, Vitamin D, Phospolipid, Prostaglandin

40
Q

ATP is associated with

A

a basic nucleotide structure, high-energy phosphate bonds, inorganic phopsphate, reversible reactions

41
Q

Iodine

A

the element essential for normal thyroid function

42
Q

factors that increase the speed of chemical reactions

A

increasing the temperature, increasing the concentration of the reactants, catalysts

BIO 160IN Human Anatomy Physiologyq (11 decks)

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