Chapter 2: Bacterial structures Flashcards
What bacterial structure gives rigid support, protects against osmotic pressure?
peptidoglycan
peptidoglycan - function?
gives rigid support, protects against osmotic pressure
peptidoglycan - chemical composition?
sugar backbone with peptide side chains cross-linked by transpeptidase
what bacterial structure has the chemical composition of a sugar backbone with peptide side chains cross-linked by transpeptidase?
peptidoglycan
cell wall (cell membrane of gram+) - function?
major surface antigen
what bacterial structure is the major surface antigen of gram+ bacteria?
cell wall/cell membrane
cell wall (cell membrane of gram+) - chemical composition?
peptidoglycan for support
lipoteichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1
Which bacterial structure is composed of peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid?
cell wall (cell membrane of gram+)
outer membrane (gram-) - function?
major surface antigen
site of endotoxin (LPS)
what bacterial structure is the major surface antigen of gram- bacteria?
outer membrane (containing LPS)
outer membrane (gram-) - chemical composition?
Lipid A induces TNF and IL-1
O polysaccharide is the antigen
what bacterial structure is composed of Lipid A and O polysaccharide?
outer membrane of gram-
plasma membrane - function?
site of oxidative and transport enzymes
what bacterial structure is the site of oxidative and transport enzymes?
plasma membrane
plasma membrane - chemical composition?
phospholipid bilayer
what bacterial structure is composed of a phospholipid bilayer?
plasma membrane
ribosome - function?
protein synthesis
what bacterial structure is the site of protein synthesis?
ribosome
ribosome - chemical composition?
50S and 30S subunits
periplasm - function?
space between the cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane in gram- bacteria
what bacterial structure is the space between the cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane of gram- bacteria?
periplasm
periplasm - chemical composition?
contains many hydrolytic enzymes, including \beta-lactamases
which bacterial structure contains many hydrolytic enzymes, including \beta-lactamases?
periplasm
capsule - function?
protects against phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils
what bacterial structure protects against phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils?
capsule
capsule - chemical composition?
polysaccharide
what bacterial structure is composed of polysaccharide? (2)
capsule
glycocalyx
what is the exception to capsule being composed of polysaccharide?
Bacillus anthracis, which contains D-glutamate amino acids
what is the capsule of Bacillus anthracis composed of?
D-glutamate amino acids
pilus/fimbriae - function?
mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface;
sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation
what bacterial structure mediates adherence of bacteria to cell surface and forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation?
pilus/fimbriae
pilus/fimbriae - composition?
glycoprotein
what bacterial structure is composed of glycoprotein?
pilus/fimbriae
flagellum - function?
motility
what bacterial structure is used for motility?
flagellum
flagellum - chemical composition?
protein
spore - function?
resistant to dehydration, heat, and chemicals
what bacterial structure is resistant to dehydration, heat, and chemicals?
spore