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Lifespan > Chapter 2 and 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 and 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup of an individual

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2
Q

Phenotype

A

Observable characteristics

-Depend in part on genotype

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3
Q

Where genes are contained at conception

A

Within chromosomes withing egg and sperm

-Each parent gives 23 chromosomes

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4
Q

Autosomes

A

22 sets of non sex chromosomes

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5
Q

Alleles

A

Forms of each gene

  • Appear at same place on both chromos in a pair
  • 1 inherited from each parent
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6
Q

X-linked Inheritance

A

When a harmful recessive allele is carried on an x chromosome

  • Males are more likely to be affected
  • Less likely for a dominant gene to suppress it on their y chromo
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7
Q

Incomplete Dominance

A

Both alleles of a gene are expressed

-Sickle cell anemia

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8
Q

Polygenic Inheritance

A

Many alleles combine to influence a trait

-Personality, weight, IQ

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9
Q

Down Syndrome

A

Caused by: Trisomy 21, translocation, mosaic patterrn

  • Affects memory, vocab, speech difficulties, motor development
  • Engagement and early intervention helps
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10
Q

Sex Chromosome Abnormalities

A

Problems w/ X or Y

  • Recognized later, intellectual deficits
  • Verbal probs: Triple X and Klinefelter
  • Spatial Probs: Turner
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11
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Extract fluid from uterus

  • 14 wks
  • Less risky
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12
Q

Chorionic Villus Sampling

A

Extract tissue from chorionic villi

  • 9wks
  • Riskier
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13
Q

Heritability Estimates

A

Portion of individual differences caused by genetics

-Ranges from 0-1.00

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14
Q

Kinship Studies

A

What % of the time do family members vs. twins show a trait?

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15
Q

Passive Correlation

A

Parents design environment and it influences kids

-Perfectionism, books in home

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16
Q

Evocative Correlation

A

Child behaves in ways that encourage adults to make decisions that conducive to those behaviors
-Shy kid

17
Q

Active Correlation

A

Niche-picking

-Child shapes environment to be conducive to their behaviors

18
Q

Epigenetic Framework

A

Bidirectional exchanges b/w Environment, behavior, and gene expression

19
Q

Period of the Zygote

A

About 2 weeks

  1. Zygote moves down fallopian tube and duplicates
  2. Blastocyst
  3. Implantation
    - Start of the placenta
20
Q

Blastocyst

A

Zygote forms fluid filled ball

  • Embryonic disk: inner cells will become organism
  • Tropoblast: outer cells, protective covering
21
Q

Period of Embryo

A

Weeks 3-8

  • Arms, legs, face, organs, muscles develop
  • Heart starts pumping
22
Q

Period of Fetus

A

Weeks 9-12 and rest of pregnancy

-Rapid growth and advanced/detailed development

23
Q

1st Trimester

A

1-12 weeks

Primitive brain and spinal cord form, heart develops

24
Q

2nd Trimester

A

13-24 weeks
Fetal movement felt
-most neurons develop by end, glial cells, synapses

25
Q

3rd Trimester

A

25-36 weeks

  • Cerebral cortex, alertness and motor activity
  • Temperment, distinguishing/remembering auditory stimuli
26
Q

Age of Viability

A

22-26 wks

-When early born fetus has a chance of survival

27
Q

Drug Teratogens

A

Prescription (Accutane, Antidepressants)

-Non-Prescription (Caffeine and illegal)

28
Q

Tobacco effects

A

Low birth weight

  • Asthma
  • Agression
29
Q

Alcohol

A

FASD, physical abnormalities

-Attention/memory/communication problems

30
Q

Radiation

A

A range of emotion and health difficulties may appear later in life

31
Q

Pollution

A

Motor attention and verbal difficulties

32
Q

Factors Affecting Harm from Teratogens

A

Dose, Heredity, Mother’s stress, age at time of exposure (sensitive periods)

33
Q

Maternal Factors in Prenatal Development

A

Infectious disease (Rubella, HIV, AIDS)

  • Malnutrition
  • Emotional Stress
  • Age
34
Q

APGAR Scale Scores

A

7=Good
6-4=needs assistance
3 or less=medical attention

35
Q

APGAR Scale

A 
Appearance (color)
Pulse (100-140)
Grimace (reflexive responding, crying, coughing)
Activity (movements of arms and legs)
Respiration (breathing and crying)
36
Q

Anoxia

A

Oxygen deprivation

Lifespan (5 decks)

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