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Lifespan > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental Science is…

A

Scientific, Applied, and Interdisciplinary

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2
Q

3 Domains of development

A
  1. Biological (physical)
  2. Cognitive
  3. Psychosocial (Social/emotional)
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3
Q

Interaction

A

Both factors depend on one another

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4
Q

Stability

A

Maintains across lifespan

-Nature

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5
Q

Plasticity

A

Change is possible based on experiences

-Nurture

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6
Q

Lifespan Perspective of Development

A

Individual difs occur b/c of consequences of normative and nonnormative experiences which depend on ones physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional characteristics

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7
Q

Prenatal

A

Conception-birth

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8
Q

Infancy and Toddlerhood

A

Birth-2yrs

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9
Q

Early Childhood

A

2-6yrs

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10
Q

Middle Childhood

A

6-11yrs

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11
Q

Adolescence

A

11-18yrs

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12
Q

Early Adulthood

A

18-40yrs

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13
Q

Middle Adulthood

A

40-65yrs

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14
Q

Late Adulthood

A

65-death

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15
Q

Normative Approach

A

Hall and Gessell
Development is a genetically determined maturational process
-Measured large numbers of kids to find age-related averages

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16
Q

Mental Testing Movement

A

Simon and Binet

-Intelligence tests (Stanford Binet Intelligence Test)

17
Q

Psychoanalytic Perspective

A

Freud and Erikson

Stages in which conflict b/w biological drives and social expectations is experienced

18
Q

Psychosexual Stage Theory

A

Freud
Instinctual/sexual desires shift in focus during dif stages. How parents attend to drives predicts healthy adjustment
-Highlights importance of past experiences

19
Q

Psychosocial Stage Theory

A

Erikson
Focuses on social and cultural influences and the conscious/rational part of the individual
-Stage related acquisition of skill

20
Q

Behaviorism

A
  1. Classical conditioning (Watson)- shaping response w/ stimulus response associations
  2. Operant Conditioning (Skinner)- shaping response w/ punishments and rewards
21
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

Bandura
Modeling, imitation, or observational learning
-Benefit: Behavior Modification and Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)
-But too little emphasis on environment and w/in person factors

22
Q

Cognitive Developmental Theory

A

Piaget

  • Learning not only based on rewards and punishment
  • Children actively construct knowledge by interacting w/ environment
  • 4 broad stages of development
23
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Development

A

Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational

24
Q

Sociocultural Theory

A

Vygotsky
Transmission of culture to new generation
-Knowledge exchanged b/w youth and more knowledgeable members

25
Q

Ecological Systems Theory

A

Individual is influenced by multiple interacting layers of environment
-Microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem

26
Q

Microsystem

A

Exposed to on a day to day or weekly basis
(Day care, parents, neighborhood play area)
-Bidirectional influence

27
Q

Mesosystem

A

Interactions and links b/w microsystems

Family doesn’t feel neighborhood play area is safe

28
Q

Exosystem

A

Influence microsystem
Less regular contact
(Friends and neighbors, parent workplace, grandparents)

29
Q

Macrosystem

A

Broad and extended environment
(national laws, cultural values, values)
Influences trickle down

30
Q

Chronosystem

A

Time influences environment

31
Q

Bioecological model

A

Biological predispositions combine w/ environmental factors at each level to influence the individual

32
Q

Cross Sectional Design

A

Different groups studied at the same time

  • Can’t study individual development
  • Age differences may be misleading because of cohort effects
33
Q

Longitudinal Design

A

Same group studied over a period of time at multiple time points

  • Study change vs stability
  • Don’t allow for claims of causality
34
Q

Sequential Design

A

Several groups studied longitudinally

-No problems with cohort effects

35
Q

Problems with Longitudinal and Sequential Designs

A
  1. Retention/mortality
  2. Practice effects
  3. Expensive and risky for researchers
36
Q

5 Rights of Research P’s

A
  1. Protection from harm
  2. Informed consent
  3. Privacy
  4. Knowledge of results
  5. Beneficial Treatments
37
Q

Action Research

A

Combines research and social action

-Naturalistic observation and development/evaluation of solutions to social problems in local settings of interest

Lifespan (5 decks)

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