Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lifespan > Ch 4 and 5 > Flashcards

Ch 4 and 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Imitation

A

Meltzoff and Moore (1977)

  • Infants can imitate facial expressions at 2-3 wks old
  • Maybe for social learning or maybe just a reflex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bio explanation for imitation

A

Mirror neurons and infrared spectroscopy

  • Neurons engage when watching someone do a task
  • Helps bond with caregiver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gross Motor Development Timeline

A

-Crawling 5-11 months
-Standing 9-16 months
-Walking 9-17 months
Affected by CNS, movement capacities, goals, environmental supports

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Variations in Rates/Patterns of motor development caused by

A
  • Early movement opportunities
  • Environmental stimulation
  • Child-rearing practices (Kenya)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hearing Development Timeline

A

4-7 months: Sense of musical phrasing
6-8 months: Screen out sounds not used in native language
7-9 months: More sensitive to words w/in speech
Become more sensitive to info important to them socially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vision Timeline

A

2 months: Focus
4 months: color vision adult like
6 months: improved acuity, scanning, tracking
6-7: depth perception
-Supported by rapid maturation of eyes and visual centers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Differentiation Theory

A

Infants actively search for invariant features of the environment

  • They note stable relationships b/w features
  • Gradually detect finer and finer features
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Affordance

A

Starting at infancy we are constantly looking for ways in which the environment affords possibilities for action or interaction
-Perceive the world in how it affords to us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Schemes

A

Psych structures

  • organized ways of making sense of experience
  • Change with age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Adaptation

A

Building schemes through direct interaction w/ environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Assimilation

A

Using current schemes to interpret external world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Accommodation

A

Adjusting old schemes and creating new ones to better fit environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Equilibrium

A

Congruency b/w schemes and new experience

-Use assimilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Disequilibrium

A

Mismatch b/w current schemes and new experience

Prompts accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

From birth to 2 children are building schemes through sensory and motor exploration
-Infants learn through circular reactions (intention for learning comes later)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Circular Reaction

A

Child stumbles into new experience and tries to repeat it again and again
-Strengthens scheme through repitition

17
Q

Sensorimotor Substages (6)

A
  1. Reflexive schemes (birth-1 month)
  2. Primary circular reactions
  3. Secondary circular reactions
  4. Coordination of secondary circular reactions
  5. Tertiary circular reactions
  6. Mental representations
18
Q

Primary Circular reactions

A 
Substage 2 (1-4 months)
-Simple motor habits centered around own body--accidental
19
Q

Secondary Circular Reactions

A 
Substage 3 (4-8 months)
-Repeat interesting effects in surroundings--accidental
20
Q

Coordination of Secondary Circ Reactions

A

Substage 4 (8-12 months)

  • Intentional, goal directed multi-scheme behavior
  • Object hiding task
  • Object permanence develops
21
Q

Tertiary Circ Reactions

A

Substage 5 (12-18 months)

  • Explore properties of objects through novel actions
  • Experimenting w/ variations of existing action schemes
22
Q

Mental Representations

A

Substage 6 (18 months-2 yrs)

  • Internal depictions of objects or concepts, allows for sudden solutions w/ trial and error
  • Experiment in mind
  • Deferred imitation and make believe play
23
Q

Flaws with Piaget’s Substages

A

Develop earlier than Piaget thought in secondary circ reactions, object permanence, deferred imitation, categorization, problem solving by analogy
-Some believe that infants are born with core knowledge in several domains

24
Q

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory

A

Social contexts: other people contribute to cog development

-Zone of proximal development and scaffolding

25
Q

Zone of Proximal Development

A

Tasks child can’t do alone except w/ skilled partner

26
Q

Scaffolding

A

Providing support which is slowly removed until ind can do it on their own

27
Q

1st Speech Sounds

A
  1. Cooing (2 months) vowel sounds

2. Babbling (6 months) consonants

28
Q

First words

A

About 1 yr old

29
Q

Underextension

A

Use of a word too narrowly

30
Q

Overextension

A

Use of a word too broadly

31
Q

Telegraphic Speech

A

2 word utterances

-18-24 months

32
Q

Supporting Early Lang Learning (Infants)

A
  • Respond to coos and babbles
  • Est. joint attention (engage w/ child and object in sight)
  • Use infant directed speech
  • Play social games
33
Q

Supporting Early Lang Learning (Toddlers)

A
  • Play make believe
  • Frequent conversations
  • Read and talk about books

Lifespan (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions