Ch 3 and 4

Question 1

Fetal Monitoring

Answer 1

Measuring heart rate of baby

-Used 80% of pregnancies

Question 2

Analgesics

Answer 2

Limit pain to pelvic region

-Epidurals

Question 3

Risks of medication during birth

Answer 3

Nursing, alertness, irritability, c-section

Question 4

Small-for-Date

Answer 4

Born at due date or preterm but below expected weight for length of pregnancy

Question 5

Newborn Reflexes

Answer 5

Eye blink, Rooting, Moro, Babinski, Palmar Grasp, Sucking

-Many become voluntary over time

Question 6

Rooting

Answer 6

Touch cheek and turn head

-Newborn reflex

Question 7

Palmar Grasp

Answer 7

Press palm and hand grasps

-Newborn reflex

Question 8

Moro

Answer 8

Arch back and reach out and hug self

-Newborn reflex

Question 9

Babinski

Answer 9

Toes span when rub bottom of foot

-Newborn reflex

Question 10

Newborn Sense of Touch

Answer 10

Sensitive to touch on mouth, palms, soles of feet

• Highly sensitive to pain
• Mother or breast milk, sugar solution, gentle holding help ease pain

Question 11

Newborn Taste

Answer 11

Prefer sweet tastes

-Quickly learn to like new tastes with exposure

Question 12

Newborn Smell

Answer 12

Can locate odors and identify mother by smell from birth

Question 13

Newborn Hearing

Answer 13

Can hear a wide variety of sounds at birth

• Prefer complex sounds to pure tones
• Sensitive to voices, maybe prepared to learn languages

Question 14

Newborn Vision

Answer 14

Least developed sense at birth

• Limited acuity and eye/brain structures not strengthened
• Color vision improves in first 2 months (adultlike in 4)

Question 15

Hormones in parents

Answer 15

Oxytocin

• Prolactins and estrogens increase and androgens (in males) decrease
• Improves reaction to child and caregiving
• Dependent upon interaction w/ baby

Question 16

Body Size year 1 and 2

Answer 16

Rapid growth

• Infants typically double birth weight by 5th month and triple by first bday
• Body proportions become more adultlike
• Weight increase is in fat

Question 17

Head-Sparing

Answer 17

When nutrition is temporarily inadequate, body stops growing but not the brain

Question 18

Skeletal Age

Answer 18

Best indicator of physical maturation

-Measure of development of mature bone (ossification)

Question 19

Growth differences

Answer 19

Males ahead in body size

• Females ahead in skeletal age
• African Americans ahead in both

Question 20

Cephalocaudal

Answer 20

Head grows faster than legs

-Legs catch up by age 2

Question 21

Proximodistal

Answer 21

Head, chest, and trunk grow faster than hands and feet

Question 22

Synaptic Pruning

Answer 22

• During first 2 years
• Directed by genetic programming and environmental stimulation
• Develop neural networks to serve certain functions

Question 23

Specialized areas of cerebral cortex

Answer 23

1. Visual cortex-vision
2. Auditory cortex-hearing
3. Prefrontal cortex-planning and self-regulation

Question 24

Left Hemisphere

Answer 24

Sensory info and control of R body

• Regulating and processing (+) emotion
• Verbal abilities
• Sequential, analytic processing

Question 25

Right Hemisphere

Answer 25

Sensory info and control of L body

• Regulating and processing (-) emotion
• Spatial abilities
• Holistic, integrative processing

Question 26

Sensitive Periods

Answer 26

Stimulation is vital when brain is growing rapidly
-Chronic stress or sensory deprivation during first 2 years can harm intellect, emotion regulation, motor/physical maturation

Question 27

Experience-Expectant Growth

Answer 27

Brain organization which depends on ordinary experiences “expected” by brain to grow naturally

Question 28

Experience-Dependent Growth

Answer 28

Bonus, additional growth from unique learning experiences