Chapter 2: Adjectives, subject pronouns, present tense, ser/estar Flashcards
What three Spanish words are used to express “time,” and what are their specific connotations?
- Hora - to express time of day: “que hora es?
- Tiempo - to express measurable time: “cuanto tiempo toma para llegar al centro? - How much time does it take to get to town?” and to refer to weather: “Que tiempo hace hoy?”
- Vez/veces - time as an instance: “Vamos a comer pizza una vez esta semana.”
decir la hora
to tell time
hora de verano
daylight savings time
ser hora de
to be time to
ya es hora
it is about time
a tiempo
on time
al mismo tiempo
at the same time
con tiempo
with time to spare
en muy poco tiempo
in no time
a la vez
at the same time
a veces
at times/sometimes
de vez en cuando
from time to time
las más veces
most of the time
muchas veces
often
otra vez
again
una y otra vez
time after time/over and over again
What are the subject pronouns?
yo
tú
él/ella/usted
nosotros
vosotoros
ellos/ellas/ustedes
Present tense endings: -ar
o
as
a
amos
áis
an
Present tense endings: -er
o
es
e
emos
éis
en
Present tense endings: -ir
o
es
e
imos
ís
en
Irregular verb conjugation: volver
vuelvo
vuelves
vuelve
volvemos
vuelven
Irregular verb conjugation: comenzar
comienzo
comienzas
comienza
comenzamos
comienzan
Irregular verb conjugation: servir
sirvo
sirves
sirve
servimos
sirven
Irregular verb conjugation: sentir
siento
sientes
siente
sentimos
sienten
Irregular verb conjugation: dormir
duermo
duermes
duerme
dormimos
duermen
Conjugate: ser
soy
eres
es
somos
son
Conjugate: estar
estoy
estás
está
estamos
están
What are the appropriate uses or “ser”?
- With predicate nouns and words denoting professions, political affiliations, religions, and nationalities: “Maria es una mujer inteligente; Maria es médica; GW Bush es republicano; Soy venezolano.”
- With the preposition “de” to denote origin, possession, and material make up: “Los autores son de Atlanta; El reloj es de oro; El libro es del estudiante.”
- To tell time. “es” is used with 1:00, noon, and midnight, and “son” is used for all other hours. “Es la una; Son las ocho.”
- Adjectives that describe inherent qualities; La nieve es blanca; El edificio es grande.”
- to mean “takes place”: “La fiesta es en la casa de Carlos.”
- With impersonal expressions: “Es tarde.”
What are the appropriate uses or “estar”?
- To express location: “El plato está en la mesa.”
- With adjectives that express states or conditions that are temporary or not inherent qualities. “El cafe esta frio; No estamos contentos; El flan esta rico.”
- With the adjective “muerto.”
- To form the progressive tense: “Alicia esta jugando con su gato; Quien esta llamando?”
Adjective meaning change when used with “ser/estar”: aburrido
ser: boring
estar: bored
Adjective meaning change when used with “ser/estar”: cansado
ser: tiring
estar: tired
Adjective meaning change when used with “ser/estar”: despierto
ser: alert/bright
estar: awake
Adjective meaning change when used with “ser/estar”: divertido
ser: amusing
estar: amused
Adjective meaning change when used with “ser/estar”: listo
ser: witty/clever
estar: ready
Adjective meaning change when used with “ser/estar”: malo
ser: bad
estar: sick
Adjective meaning change when used with “ser/estar”: verde
ser: green
estar: unripe
Adjective meaning change when used with “ser/estar”: vivo
ser: lively/bright(as a color)
estar: alive
