Chapter 2: Adjectives, subject pronouns, present tense, ser/estar Flashcards

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1
Q

What three Spanish words are used to express “time,” and what are their specific connotations?

A
  1. Hora - to express time of day: “que hora es?
  2. Tiempo - to express measurable time: “cuanto tiempo toma para llegar al centro? - How much time does it take to get to town?” and to refer to weather: “Que tiempo hace hoy?”
  3. Vez/veces - time as an instance: “Vamos a comer pizza una vez esta semana.”
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2
Q

decir la hora

A

to tell time

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3
Q

hora de verano

A

daylight savings time

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4
Q

ser hora de

A

to be time to

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5
Q

ya es hora

A

it is about time

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6
Q

a tiempo

A

on time

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7
Q

al mismo tiempo

A

at the same time

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8
Q

con tiempo

A

with time to spare

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9
Q

en muy poco tiempo

A

in no time

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10
Q

a la vez

A

at the same time

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11
Q

a veces

A

at times/sometimes

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12
Q

de vez en cuando

A

from time to time

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13
Q

las más veces

A

most of the time

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14
Q

muchas veces

A

often

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15
Q

otra vez

A

again

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16
Q

una y otra vez

A

time after time/over and over again

17
Q

What are the subject pronouns?

A

yo

él/ella/usted

nosotros
vosotoros
ellos/ellas/ustedes

18
Q

Present tense endings: -ar

A

o
as
a

amos
áis
an

19
Q

Present tense endings: -er

A

o
es
e

emos
éis
en

20
Q

Present tense endings: -ir

A

o
es
e

imos
ís
en

21
Q

Irregular verb conjugation: volver

A

vuelvo
vuelves
vuelve

volvemos
vuelven

22
Q

Irregular verb conjugation: comenzar

A

comienzo
comienzas
comienza

comenzamos
comienzan

23
Q

Irregular verb conjugation: servir

A

sirvo
sirves
sirve

servimos
sirven

24
Q

Irregular verb conjugation: sentir

A

siento
sientes
siente

sentimos
sienten

25
Q

Irregular verb conjugation: dormir

A

duermo
duermes
duerme

dormimos
duermen

26
Q

Conjugate: ser

A

soy
eres
es

somos
son

27
Q

Conjugate: estar

A

estoy
estás
está

estamos
están

28
Q

What are the appropriate uses or “ser”?

A
  1. With predicate nouns and words denoting professions, political affiliations, religions, and nationalities: “Maria es una mujer inteligente; Maria es médica; GW Bush es republicano; Soy venezolano.”
  2. With the preposition “de” to denote origin, possession, and material make up: “Los autores son de Atlanta; El reloj es de oro; El libro es del estudiante.”
  3. To tell time. “es” is used with 1:00, noon, and midnight, and “son” is used for all other hours. “Es la una; Son las ocho.”
  4. Adjectives that describe inherent qualities; La nieve es blanca; El edificio es grande.”
  5. to mean “takes place”: “La fiesta es en la casa de Carlos.”
  6. With impersonal expressions: “Es tarde.”
29
Q

What are the appropriate uses or “estar”?

A
  1. To express location: “El plato está en la mesa.”
  2. With adjectives that express states or conditions that are temporary or not inherent qualities. “El cafe esta frio; No estamos contentos; El flan esta rico.”
  3. With the adjective “muerto.”
  4. To form the progressive tense: “Alicia esta jugando con su gato; Quien esta llamando?”
30
Q

Adjective meaning change when used with “ser/estar”: aburrido

A

ser: boring
estar: bored

31
Q

Adjective meaning change when used with “ser/estar”: cansado

A

ser: tiring
estar: tired

32
Q

Adjective meaning change when used with “ser/estar”: despierto

A

ser: alert/bright
estar: awake

33
Q

Adjective meaning change when used with “ser/estar”: divertido

A

ser: amusing
estar: amused

34
Q

Adjective meaning change when used with “ser/estar”: listo

A

ser: witty/clever
estar: ready

35
Q

Adjective meaning change when used with “ser/estar”: malo

A

ser: bad
estar: sick

36
Q

Adjective meaning change when used with “ser/estar”: verde

A

ser: green
estar: unripe

37
Q

Adjective meaning change when used with “ser/estar”: vivo

A

ser: lively/bright(as a color)
estar: alive