Chapter 1: Gender and number of nouns, definite and indefinite articles, prepositions Flashcards
How are nouns generally gendered in Spanish?
Masculine words typically end in “-o,” while feminine typically in in “-a.”
What is the gender of “clima”?
masculine
What is the gender of “mapa”?
masculine
What is the gender of “planeta”?
masculine
What is the gender of “problema”?
masculine
What is the gender of “sistema”?
masculine
What is the gender of “día”?
masculine
What is the gender of “mano”?
feminine
What is the gender of “foto”?
feminine
What is the gender of “moto”?
feminine
What is the gender of “clase”?
feminine
What is the gender of “leche”?
feminine
What is the gender of “noche”?
feminine
What is the gender of “tarde”?
feminine
What is the gender of “coche”?
masculine
What is the gender of “diente”?
masculine
What is the gender of “rifle”?
masculine
What is the gender of “vientre”?
masculine
What is the gender of “nariz”?
feminine
What is the gender of “lápiz”?
masculine
What is the gender of “razón”?
feminine
What is the gender of “césped”?
masculine
What is the gender of “animal”?
masculine
What is the gender of “sartén”?
feminine
What is the gender of “amor”?
masculine
What is the gender of “reloj”?
masculine
Most nouns ending in “-ción” are what gender?
feminine
What is the gender of “lección”?
feminine
What is the gender of “reunión”?
feminine
What is the gender of “conversación”?
feminine
What is the gender of “avión”?
masculine
What is the gender of “camión”?
masculine
Most nouns ending in “-dad” are what gender?
feminine
Most nouns ending in “-tad” are what gender?
feminine
Most nouns ending in “-tud” are what gender?
feminine
Most nouns ending in “-umbre” are what gender?
feminine
Most nouns ending in “-ie” are what gender?
feminine
How does a noun ending in an unstressed vowel become a plural?
By adding “s” to the end:
casa -> casas
How does a noun ending in a consonant other than “s” become a plural?
By adding “es” to the end:
flor -> flores
How does a noun ending in a stressed vowel (ending in “s” or not) become a plural?
By adding “es”, even after the existing “s”:
interés -> intereses
How does a noun ending in an unstressed vowel plus s become a plural?
The form remains the same:
crisis -> crisis
virus -> virus
What are the four ways Spanish uses a definite article in situations where English does not?
- In front of generic nouns that express a concept or idea: “La verdad es la belleza y la belleza es la verdad.”
- In titles, except in direct address: “La señorita Avellaneda esta en la oficina hoy.”
- To say “on Monday/Tuesday”: “el lunes; los domingos.”
- Parts of the body and articles of clothing: “Me lavo las manos; José se pone el sombrero.”
What are the definite articles?
el, los, la, las
What are the indefinite articles?
un, unos, una, unas
When is the indefinite article omitted in Spanish where in English it is present?
- After the ver “ser” when the following word refers to nationality, religion, political affiliation, profession, or trade (unless the word is modified by an adjective): “Mi madre es pianista; Mi madre es una pianista fabulosa.”
- Before “cien,” “mil,” “otro/a,” “medio/a,” “cierto/a,” and after “tal” and “que”: “mil computadoras; otro problema; medio kilo de carne; tal dilema; que lástima.”
Preposition: “a”
to/at/for/by/on/from
Preposition: “ante”
before/in the presence of
Preposition: “bajo”
under/underneath
Preposition: “con”
with
Preposition: “contra”
against
Preposition: “de”
of/from/about/with/by/in
Preposition: “desde”
from/since/after
Preposition: “en”
in/on/at/by
Preposition: “entre”
between/among
Preposition: “excepto”
except
Preposition: “hacia”
toward/about/near
Preposition: “hasta”
until/to/as far as/up to
Preposition: “menos”
except
Preposition: “para”
for/to/toward
Preposition: “por”
for/by/by means of/because of/for the sake of
Preposition: “salvo”
except
Preposition: “según”
according to
Preposition: “sin”
without
Preposition: “sobre”
about/on/upon/over
Preposition: “tras”
after/behind
Preposition: “además de”
in addition to/besides
Preposition: “alrededor de”
around
Preposition: “antes de”
before
Preposition: “cerca de”
near
Preposition: “debajo de”
underneath
Preposition: “después de”
after
Preposition: “detrás de”
behind/in back of
Preposition: “encima de”
on top of
Preposition: “fuera de”
outside of
Preposition: “lejos de”
far from
