Chapter 2: Acids and Bases

Question 1

A species that loses a proton.

Answer 1

Bronsted Acid

Question 2

A species that gains a proton.

Answer 2

Bronsted Base

Question 3

Positively charged hydrogen ion.

Answer 3

Proton

Question 4

Any species that has a hydrogen can potentially act as a(n) _____

Answer 4

Acid

Question 5

Any species that has a lone pair can potentially act as a(n) _____

Answer 5

Base

Question 6

A reaction in which an acid donates a proton to a base or accepts a share in a base’s electrons.

Answer 6

Acid-base Reaction

Question 7

A species loses a proton to form this.

Answer 7

Conjugate Bass

Question 8

A species accepts a proton to form this

Answer 8

Conjugate Acid

Question 9

A ______ base has a high affinity for a proton

Answer 9

Strong

Question 10

A measure of the tendency of a compound to lose a proton

Answer 10

Acidity

Question 11

A measure of a compound’s affinity for a proton.

Answer 11

Basicity

Question 12

A _____ base has a low affinity for a proton.

Answer 12

Weak

Question 13

The stronger the acid, the _____ its conjugate base.

Answer 13

Weaker

Question 14

A measure of the degree to which an acid dissociates in solution.

Answer 14

Acid Dissociation Constant

Question 15

The _____ the acid, the more readily it loses a proton.

Answer 15

Stronger

Question 16

Describes the tendency of a compound to lose a proton.

Answer 16

pKa

Question 17

The _____ the acid, the smaller its pKa value.

Answer 17

Stronger

Question 18

Acids with a pKa of < 1 are considered

Answer 18

Very strong

Question 19

Acids with a pKa between 1-3 are considered

Answer 19

Moderately strong

Question 20

Acids with a pKa between 3-5 are considered

Answer 20

Weak

Question 21

Acids with a pKa between 5-15 are considered

Answer 21

Very weak

Question 22

Acids with a pKa > 15 are considered

Answer 22

Extremely weak

Question 23

Scale used to describe the acidity of a solution.

Answer 23

pH

Question 24

Compounds that have a COOH group.

Answer 24

Carboxylic acids

Question 25

Compounds that have an OH group.

Answer 25

Alcohols

Question 26

Compounds that result from replacing one or more of the hydrogens bonded to ammonia with a carbon-containing substituent

Answer 26

Amines

Question 27

The more _____ the base, the stronger its conjugate acid.

Answer 27

Stable

Question 28

_____ bases are weak bases.

Answer 28

Stable

Question 29

Two factors that affect the stability of a base are its _____ and its _____

Answer 29

Electronegativity and size

Question 30

Electronegativity _____ from left to right across the periodic table

Answer 30

Increases

Question 31

An sp carbon is _____ than an sp2 carbon, which is [same as first blank] than an sp3 carbon.

Answer 31

More electronegative

Question 32

_____ overrides electronegativity when determining relative acidities.

Answer 32

Size

Question 33

Inductive electron withdrawal _____ the strength of an acid.

Answer 33

Increases

Question 34

The term for replacing an atom in a compound.

Answer 34

Substitution

Question 35

Withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond.

Answer 35

Inductive Electron Withdrawal

Question 36

A structure with localized electrons that approximates the true structure of a compound with delocalized electrons.

Answer 36

Resonance Contributor

Question 37

The actual structure of a compound with delocalized electrons; it is represented by two or more structures with localized electrons.

Answer 37

Resonance Hybrid

Question 38

_____ electrons are shared by more than two atoms.

Answer 38

Delocalized

Question 39

As the atom attached to the hydrogen increases in size, the strength of the acid _____.

Answer 39

Increases

Question 40

As the atom attached to the hydrogen increases in electronegativity, the strength of the acid _____

Answer 40

Increases

Question 41

A solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base.

Answer 41

Buffer Solution