Chapter 2 Flashcards
scientific method
observer phenomenon formulate hypothesis/ predictions test through empirical research draw conclusions evaluate the theory
Descriptive research
describes the phenomenon, determines basic dimensions, describe how often it happens
we can describe, predict, and change CAN NOT EXPLAIN less costly ( rheumatoid arthritis)
case study
an in-depth look into a single person
correlational research
relation between 2 or more variables, how they change together, LONGITUDINAL DOES NOT PROVE CAUSATION
Experimental research
the experiment is regulated where 1 or two variables are changed
independent variable
manipulated experimental factor
dependant variable
variable the changes because of the independent variable
confederate
a person is given a role so the social context can be studied
external validity
degree the experiment reflects real world issues
internal validity
degree of change that the dependant variable has from the manipulated independent variable
experiments are good for
address all four goals of psychology.
good experiments are replicated many times
Results should display statistical significance.
strengthen or create new theories
Experiments weaknesses
Not conducted in a “real” setting (artificial/lab environment)
Ethical limits
Studies can contradict one another
Often done with convenience samples ( leads to generalizability)
representative sample
the type of sample a researcher would like to get because it accurately reflects the population being studied in terms of race, age, gender, income level & other variables.
convenience sample
the type of sample researchers often use, usually made of non-representative groups of subjects but still a valid sample type
