Chapter 13 Flashcards
Social Psychology
study of how people (individuals) think about, influence, and relate to other people
Social psychologist focus on
immediate social situations that cause people to act the way they do
bystander effect
the tendency for an individual to be less helpful in an emergency when other people are present
Social Cognition
explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information
social neuroscience
study of thoughts, feelings, and behavior that incorporates a range of measures of brain and body function `
person perception
the process by which we use stimuli to form impressions of others ( important social cue the face)
attribution theory
people are motivated to discover the underlying cause of behavior as their effect to make sense of the behavior
actor
a person who produces the behavior
observer
a person who offers a causal explanation of the behavior
false consensus effect
an overestimation of how people think about you
cognitive dissonance
the discomfort of having two inconsistent thoughts
asch
conformity
milgram
obedience - helped explore why people obey, even when ordered to hurt others, and how we automatically obey certain authority figures
weakness: unethical and cognitive dissonance
deindividuation
being part of a group reduces personal identity and erodes the sense of personal responsibility
social cogntagion
imitative behavior involving the spread of actions emotions and ideas
facilitation vs loafing
facilitation is better performance because of people
loafing is less accountability because of people
ethnocentrism
favor ones ethnic group over other groups
Controlled processing/behavior
involves spending time deliberating a choice. You stop and concentrate when you use controlled processing.
(conscious mind)
Automatic processing/behavior
involves reactive behavior that happens with little effort. You don't have to concentrate to engage in automatic behavior. Driving Doing things while driving Taking notes in class Using a computer or cell phone (subconscious mind)
strong correlations
are correlations that are consistent connections between variables
illusory correlations ( weak correlations )
people have a tendency to confuse a weak correlation for a strong correlation because weak correlations are random, sometimes they are true, sometimes they are not.
Anecdotal evidence
using/confusing personal experience as objective evidence. Believing in a cause & effect relationship because of a similar, personal experience.
worldview
is your sense of social reality, particularly your sense of the right way to live & the right way to do things.
Self-serving bias
the tendency to see yourself as smarter, more moral, more aware, more motivated, more considerate, “better” than others. This is especially true when making comparisons based on subjective qualities such as appearance, morals, or intelligence.
Spotlight effect
the belief that people are paying attention to you more than they actually are.
Belief perseverance
persisting with initial beliefs, continuing to believe they might be true, even after they have been discredited or contradicted by objective evidence.
Ingroup bias
we think of ourselves and those we affiliate with as being more kind, trusting, faithful, brave, etc than those in the outgroup; the idea that “we” are better than “them”.
Realistic group conflict theory
Competition for resources between groups creates discrimination. The majority in a society acts out against the minority(s). Resources include things like jobs, money, food, shelter. Economic recessions and depressions, unemployment, and food shortages can lead to discrimination.
Two things are true of all social psych behaviors:
(1) We all display these behaviors every day automatically. They are a part of our automatic processing/behavior.
(2) `Most social psych behaviors are not examples of people at their best; they are unflattering & undesirable behaviors.
Zimbardo was interested
how people change themselves from situation to situation, namely how we play roles in life. Zimbardo would say that you are not the same person from situation to situation.
