Chapter 12

Question 1

Freud thought on sex

Answer 1

EVERYTHING IS SEX the sexual drive was the most important motivator in human life. he thought that it was the main determinant of personality development and felt that psychological disorders, dream,and all human behavior represent the conflict between unconscious sexual drive and the demands of civilized human society,
MAJOR problem with generalizability. It is also highly subjective.

Question 2

hysteria

Answer 2

physical symptoms that have no physical cause

Question 3

tip of the iceberg

Answer 3

conscious

Question 4

below the water iceberg

Answer 4

ego ID superego

Question 5

Id and pleasure principle

Answer 5

unconscious drives and the individual’s reservoir of sexual energy.
the id seeks immediate gratification

Question 6

ego reality principle

Answer 6

the personality that deals with the demands of reality

tries to get the id what it wants within the norms of society

Question 7

superego

Answer 7

the harsh internal judge of our behavior

Question 8

defense mechanisms

Answer 8

tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety and unconsciously distorting reality

Question 9

Carl Rogers word

Answer 9

established the foundations for more contemporary studies of personal growth and self-determination.

Question 10

Carls Belief

Answer 10

we all begin with the raw ingredients we just need the right conditions to thrive

Question 11

unconditional positive regard

Answer 11

acceptance being valued and treated positively regardless of someone’s behavior.

Don’t place conditions on your friends, children, and family, accept them for who they are and support them unconditionally. It is especially important that therapists, teachers, parents and anyone who supports children practice unconditional positive regard.

Question 12

conditions of worth

Answer 12

standards we must live up to in order to receive positive regard from others

Question 13

self-concept

Answer 13

conscious representation of who we are and who we wish to become during childhood.

similar to self-esteem. It consists of your real-self, how you think of yourself right now. It also consists of an ideal-self, a vision of how/who we hope to be in the future.

Question 14

Gordon Allport

Answer 14

father of American personality psychology

believed to understand healthy people we must focus on their life in the present.

Question 15

all ports healthy mature person

Answer 15

positive but objective sense of self and others
interest in issues beyond their own experience
a sense of humor
common sense
unifying philosophy of life

Question 16

5 BIG factors of personality

Answer 16

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism( emotional instability )

Question 17

self-report tests

Answer 17

most commonly used method of measuring personality and characteristics they directly ask people whether specific items describe their personality
problem: social desirability

Question 18

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

Answer 18

most widely used and research empirically key tested self-report personality test originally for abnormal personality tendencies

Question 19

empirically tested

Answer 19

self-report test that is created by first identifying two groups that are known to be different

Question 20

projective tests

Answer 20

presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and ask them to describe or tell a story about it (Rorschach inkblot test)

Question 21

Thematic apperception test

Answer 21

designed to elicit stories to reveal something about an individual’s personality.

Question 22

Postmodern perspective:

Answer 22

it is natural to have problems in life.
It is also natural to occasionally feel sad, angry, anxious. These are normal feelings, not disorders or illnesses.
it is natural to disagree with others and experience conflict.
a reason we experience anxiety and conflict is because each day we attempt to enforce our worldview onto others & others attempt to do the same to us
because you can find evidence to support many ways of living, worldviews are subjective. Because worldviews are subjective, there are no universal truths. In other words, there is no right way to live. There may be good choices and poor choices, helpful and unhelpful choices, but no right or wrong choices when it comes to how to live your life.

Question 23

The Humanistic view

Answer 23

rejected the ideas put forth by Freud (the status quo) and his negative view of human nature. One of the leaders of this movement was Carl Rogers.

Question 24

self-actualization

Answer 24

if given the right support, people will naturally strive to be happy, follow society’s rules

Question 25

Emotional and behavioral problems begin

Answer 25

when there is too much discrepancy or incongruence between our real-self and our ideal-self, for example when your career goals and actual skills and talents don't match.