Chapter 12 Flashcards
Freud thought on sex
EVERYTHING IS SEX the sexual drive was the most important motivator in human life. he thought that it was the main determinant of personality development and felt that psychological disorders, dream,and all human behavior represent the conflict between unconscious sexual drive and the demands of civilized human society,
MAJOR problem with generalizability. It is also highly subjective.
hysteria
physical symptoms that have no physical cause
tip of the iceberg
conscious
below the water iceberg
ego ID superego
Id and pleasure principle
unconscious drives and the individual’s reservoir of sexual energy.
the id seeks immediate gratification
ego reality principle
the personality that deals with the demands of reality
tries to get the id what it wants within the norms of society
superego
the harsh internal judge of our behavior
defense mechanisms
tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety and unconsciously distorting reality
Carl Rogers word
established the foundations for more contemporary studies of personal growth and self-determination.
Carls Belief
we all begin with the raw ingredients we just need the right conditions to thrive
unconditional positive regard
acceptance being valued and treated positively regardless of someone’s behavior.
Don’t place conditions on your friends, children, and family, accept them for who they are and support them unconditionally. It is especially important that therapists, teachers, parents and anyone who supports children practice unconditional positive regard.
conditions of worth
standards we must live up to in order to receive positive regard from others
self-concept
conscious representation of who we are and who we wish to become during childhood.
similar to self-esteem. It consists of your real-self, how you think of yourself right now. It also consists of an ideal-self, a vision of how/who we hope to be in the future.
Gordon Allport
father of American personality psychology
believed to understand healthy people we must focus on their life in the present.
all ports healthy mature person
positive but objective sense of self and others
interest in issues beyond their own experience
a sense of humor
common sense
unifying philosophy of life
5 BIG factors of personality
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism( emotional instability )
self-report tests
most commonly used method of measuring personality and characteristics they directly ask people whether specific items describe their personality
problem: social desirability
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
most widely used and research empirically key tested self-report personality test originally for abnormal personality tendencies
empirically tested
self-report test that is created by first identifying two groups that are known to be different
projective tests
presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and ask them to describe or tell a story about it (Rorschach inkblot test)
Thematic apperception test
designed to elicit stories to reveal something about an individual’s personality.
Postmodern perspective:
it is natural to have problems in life.
It is also natural to occasionally feel sad, angry, anxious. These are normal feelings, not disorders or illnesses.
it is natural to disagree with others and experience conflict.
a reason we experience anxiety and conflict is because each day we attempt to enforce our worldview onto others & others attempt to do the same to us
because you can find evidence to support many ways of living, worldviews are subjective. Because worldviews are subjective, there are no universal truths. In other words, there is no right way to live. There may be good choices and poor choices, helpful and unhelpful choices, but no right or wrong choices when it comes to how to live your life.
The Humanistic view
rejected the ideas put forth by Freud (the status quo) and his negative view of human nature. One of the leaders of this movement was Carl Rogers.
self-actualization
if given the right support, people will naturally strive to be happy, follow society’s rules
Emotional and behavioral problems begin
when there is too much discrepancy or incongruence between our real-self and our ideal-self, for example when your career goals and actual skills and talents don’t match.
