Chapter 2 Flashcards
Common features that are found in all human cultures
Cultural universals
Traditional customs, tales, sayings, dances, or art forms preserved among a people
Folklore
A group within its own unique values, norms, and behaviors that exists within a larger culture
Subculture
A group that rejects the values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns
Counterculture
The tendency to view one’s own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups
Ethnocentrism
A belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards
Cultural relativism
The process of spreading cultural traits from one society to another
Cultural diffusion
A situation in which some aspects of the culture change less rapidly, or fall behind, other aspects of the same culture
Cultural lag
A process in which cultures become more and more alike
Cultural leveling
shared products of human groups, which include both physical objects and the beliefs, values, and behaviors shared by the group
Culture
physical objects created by human groups
Material culture
abstract human creations, such as language, ideas, beliefs, rules, skills, family patterns, work practices, and political and economic systems
Nonmaterial culture
a group of interdependent people who have organized in such a way as to share a common culture and have a feeling of unity
Society
shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable
Values
shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations
Norms
