Ch. 4

Question 1

the sum total of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values that are characteristic of an individual

Answer 1

Personality

Question 2

the transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to children

Answer 2

Heredity

Question 3

Contact with other people

Answer 3

Social environment

Question 4

an unchanging, biologically inherited behavior pattern

Answer 4

Instinct

Question 5

the systematic study of the biological basis of all social behavior

Answer 5

Sociobiology

Question 6

a capacity to learn a particular skill or acquire a specific body of knowledge

Answer 6

Aptitude

Question 7

Wild or untamed

Answer 7

Feral

Question 8

the interactive process through which people learn the basic skills, values, beliefs, and behavior patterns of a society

Answer 8

Socialization

Question 9

the conscious awareness of possessing a distinct identity that separates one from other members of society

Answer 9

Self

Question 10

the interactive process by which we develop an image of ourselves based on how we imagine we appear to others

Answer 10

Looking-glass self

Question 11

taking on or pretending to take on the role of others

Answer 11

Role-taking

Question 12

specific people, such as parents, siblings, relatives, and others, who directly influence our socialization

Answer 12

Significant others

Question 13

the internalized attitudes, expectations, and viewpoints of society that guide our behavior and reinforce our sense of self

Answer 13

Generalized other

Question 14

the unsocialized, spontaneous, self-interested component of the personality and self-identity

Answer 14

I

Question 15

the part of the identity that is aware of the expectations and attitudes of society, or the socialized self

Answer 15

Me

Question 16

One who argues in support of something

Answer 16

Proponent

Question 17

a theory that proposes that social interaction is like a drama being performed on a stage

Answer 17

Dramaturgy

Question 18

an effort to present the self well and manage the impressions that the audience receives

Answer 18

Impression management

Question 19

specific individuals, groups, and institutions that enable socialization to take place

Answer 19

Agents of socialization

Question 20

a primary group composed of individuals of roughly equal age and similar social characteristics

Answer 20

Peer group

Question 21

the instruments of communication that reach large audiences with no personal contact between the individuals sending the information and those receiving it, such as newspapers, magazines, books, television, radio, films, and the Internet

Answer 21

Mass media

Question 22

a break with past experiences and the learning of new values and norms

Answer 22

Resocialization

Question 23

a setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society for a specific period of time and subjected to tight control

Answer 23

Total institution