Chapter 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Validity
A
- refers to the goodness with which a concrete event defines a property.
ex. ) smiling is a concrete event which means a person is happy
2
Q
reliability
A
- the tendency for an instrument to produce the same measurement whenever it is used to measure the same thing.
3
Q
internal validity
A
- an attribute of an experiment that allows it to establish casual relationships
- this means in an experiment everything we said was working is actually working.
4
Q
External Validity
A
- An attribute of an experiment in which variables have been defined in a normal typical , or realistic way.
- variables exposed
5
Q
Predictive
A
-Trying to see if there is a relationship between the validity
6
Q
Naturalistic Observation
A
- technique for gathering scientific information by unobtrusively observing people in their natural environment.
7
Q
disadvantages of Naturalistic Observation
A
- Some things we want to observe don’t happen naturally
- Other things we want to observe can only be done through survey, giving a test, conducting an interview, or hooking up someone to a machine.
8
Q
advantages of Naturalistic Observation
A
- People are less likely to be influenced by demand characteristics through anonymous survey and questionnaires.
- measure behaviors that cannot be easily controlled (like if you are obviously affected by something and it shows easily)
- Avoiding demand characteristics by not letting people know the true purpose of the observation experiment.
9
Q
Double - Blind Study
A
- When an Observation whose true purpose is hidden form both the observer and the person being observed.
- most common
10
Q
Single- Blind Study
A
- When the Experimenters know the purpose of the experiment but not the subjects
11
Q
Scientific Method
A
- procedure for finding the truth by using empirical evidence.
- Composed of creating a “Theory” which is a (hypothetical explanation of a natural phenomenon) and a “Hypothesis” (a falsifiable prediction made by a theory)
12
Q
Informed Consent
A
- written agreement to participate in a study made by an adult who has been informed of all the risks that participation may entail
- DOESN’T mean that the person has to know everything about the study BUT they need to know of anything that is harmful or painful
- if they cannot give consent due to restrictions then consent must come from legal guardian.
13
Q
debriefing
A
- verbal description of the true nature and purpose of a study
- happens if a participant is deceived in any way
14
Q
independent variable
A
- variable that is manipulated
- “under our control”
15
Q
dependent variable
A
- variable that is measured
- “value depends on what the participant says or does”
