Chapter 1

Question 1

William James

Answer 1

• Brought psychology to the U.S.
• Involved with “functionalism” (psych should be a science)
• “you have to understand Behavior through purpose of elements you are experiencing”

Question 2

What is “Functionalism”?

Answer 2

• when you know the purpose of the elements in order to understand them.
• the study of the purpose that mental processes serve.

Question 3

Plato

Answer 3

• a “nativist” ( who supported nature )

ex. ) You were born with your native language.

Question 4

Aristotle

Answer 4

-philosophical Empiricism (knowledge is acquired through experiences)

Question 5

Descartes

Answer 5

-Mind and body are two separate entities

Question 6

Hobbes

Answer 6

-Mind is what body and brain does. (they work together)

Question 7

Gall

Answer 7

• worked with Broca and stated that brain and mind dictated how smart you are
• phrenology

Question 8

Brocca

Answer 8

• worked with Gall and stated that brain and mind dictated how smart you are
• Phrenology

Question 9

What is “Phrenology” ?

Answer 9

• a science that “Gall” came up with. “When you feel for different things on the head” To see what areas of life you will accel in.

Question 10

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 10

• dubbed the “father of psychology”
• 1879
• known for “structuralism”

Question 11

What is “structuralism”?

Answer 11

• the analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind.

Question 12

Sigmund Freud

Answer 12

• unconscious mind (part of the mind that operates outside of awareness but that influences thoughts feelings and actions.)
• hysteria (caused by painful childhood experiences)
• psychoanalytical theory (an approach that emphasizes the importance of unconsciousness mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behaviors)

Question 13

What is “psychology”?

Answer 13

• The scientific study of mind and behavior.

Question 14

humanistic psychology

Answer 14

• an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings.
• view people as free agents who have an inherent need to develop, grow, and attain their full potential.

Question 15

B.F. Skinner

Answer 15

• conditioning chamber ( skinner box )

- observation was used as a principle of reinforcement.

Question 16

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 16

• a psychological approach that emphasizes the active role that the mind plays in generating perceptual experience.
• the mind imposes organization on what it perceives.
• Kurt Lewin was strongly influenced by this psychology

Question 17

cognitive psychology

Answer 17

• scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning.

Question 18

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 18

• explains mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection.

Question 19

Social Psychology

Answer 19

• the study of the causes and consequences of sociality.

Question 20

Asche

Answer 20

• discovered that most people will say something they know to be untrue if they see other people doing the same thing

Question 21

Milgram

Answer 21

• Most people will do something that they know to be immoral if they are ordered to do so by an authority figure.

Question 22

Cultural psychology

Answer 22

• study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their members