chapter 2 Flashcards
who was the man who probably played the largest role in attempting to improve the geocentric theory
Ptolemy
what are the main crystal spheres proposed in the geocentic theory called
deferents
which astronomer who played a major role in the development of the heliocentric theory
copernicus
which Christian astronomer who formulated three laws of planetary motion
Kepler
who was the first person to use a telescope for astronomy
Galileo
who was the English mathematician and scientist who formulated the law of universal gravitation was
Newton
what is the force that holds planets in their orbit
gravity
what is the earth’s movement around the sun called
revolution
the most recent evidence that establishes that the earth moves and not the sun
direct observation
what is the path that the sun appears to follow among the stars called
ecliptic
what is the angle between the earth’s axis and a line perpendicular to the plan of its orbit is how many degrees
23 1/2
the geocentric theory claims that what is at the center of the universe
earth
according to the geocentric theory the explanation of a planet appearing close and the farther away from the earth was due to the fact that the earth was not directly in the center but was ___________
eccentric
according to the heliocentric, what is the center of the solar system
the sun
Johannes Kepler, a german astronomer, demonstrated that the orbits of the planet have what shape
elliptical
which law was formed by Sir Isaac Newton to describe the force of attraction between the masses of objects
gravity
the earth is flattened at the ______ and bulged at the ___________
poles
equator
deflection of projectiles and the winds show that the earth is what
moving and rotates
A Foucault pendulum would not be deflected at all if it were located where
equator
the occurance of seasons could be used as evidence of the earth’s motion called
revolution
a calendar based on the moon’s changes is called what
Lunar calendar
what are the 2 physical factors that determine the force of gravity between two objects
mass
distance
of all the planets, why are Jupiter and Saturn the most bulged at the equator
spin the fastest
how was the earth’s rotation observed directly
astronauts
how do day and night compare on the dates of the equinoxes
day and night have equal hours
what is deferent
the crystal sphere on which a planet travels in the Ptolemaic
what is eccentric
a circular path around an object located at a point other than the center of the circle
what is elliptical orbits
Kepler’s major contribution to the Copernican theory
what is epicycle
a modification to the geocentric theory to account for the temporary “Backward” movements of planets
what is the solar system
the sun and all other heavenly bodies that revolve around it
