Chapter 2 Flashcards
Discrete Traits
Clear cut alternative forms of a specific trait; inherited trait that clearly exhibits an either/or status ex) yellow and green seed colors
Continuous Traits
traits that show many intermediate forms ex) height, skin color
Pure-Breeding lines
produce off-springs carrying specific parental traits that remain constant from generation to generation
What were the five reasons Mendel’s experiments were successful?
1) Understood how to cross-fertilize two individuals (brushing pollen from one plant onto female organs)
2) He examined clear cut alternative forms of specific traits
3) He collected and perpetuated lines of peas that bred true
4) Carefully controlled his matings
5) Used numerical analysis
Parental Generation (P)
Parents
Filial Generation
Offsprings
Monohybrid Crosses
Crosses for one trait
Dominant Trait
The trait that appears in the F1 hybrids (heterozygotes) resulting from a mating between pure-breeding parental strains showing antagonistic phenotypes
Recessive Trait
The trait that remains hidden in the F1 hybrids (heterozygotes) resulting from from a mating between pure-breeding parental strains showing antagonistic phenotypes; usually shows in the F2 generation
Alleles
Alternative forms of a single gene
Monohybrids
Two different alleles for a single trait
Law of Segregation
The two alleles for each trait separate during gamete formation, and then unite at random, one from each parent, at fertilization [Monohybrid]
The Product Rule
The probability of two or more independent events occurring together is the product of the possibilities that each will occur by itself; “and”
The Sum Rule
The probability of either of two such MUTUALLY exclusive events occurring is the sum of their individual probabilities; “or”
Phenotype
an observable characteristic (physical)
