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CSD 200 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The knowledge and implicit awareness that speakers of a language have and use to communicate effectively in that language is called ___.

A

Communicative Competence

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2
Q

A speakers actual speech behavior is called ___.

A

Communicative performace

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3
Q

The ability to recognize and produce the distinctive, meaningful sounds of a language or phonemes is called __.

A

Phonological competence

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4
Q

What are two major factors to communicative competence?

A

Linguistic and Pragmatic competence

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5
Q

This occurs when infants shift to focusing more on perceptual differences that are relevant to them.

A

Perceptual narrowing

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6
Q

There are the normal phonological deviations that young children make in producing specific sounds and words, this is called ___.

A

Phonological Processes

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7
Q

The ability to recognize and effectively produce the syntactic and morphological structures of a language is called ___.

A

Grammatical Competence

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8
Q

The ability to recognize and produce the conventional words that the speakers of a language use.

A

Lexical Competence

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9
Q

This refers to the ability to relay information to others fluently and coherently.

A

Discourse competence

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10
Q

This refers to the ability to communicate in a language for a variety of purposes.

A

Functional Competence

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11
Q

The ability to interpret the social meaning that language conveys and to choose language that is socially appropriate for communication situations.

A

Sociolinguisitic Competence

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12
Q

The variety of speech appropriate to a particular speech situation is called

A

Speech Register

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13
Q

The ability to understand and apply implicit rules for interaction in various communication situations is called __.

A

Interactional competence

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14
Q

The ability to function effectively in cultural contexts, both by interpreting behavior correctly and by behaving in a way that would be considered appropriate by the member of the culture.

A

Cultural competence

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15
Q

What are the three developmental phases that characterize infancy?

A

Attendance to social partners
Emergence and coordination of joint attention
transition to language

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16
Q

Phase one is from (age)

A

Birth to 6 months

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17
Q

Head disproportionate to body, presence of fontanels, irregular motor patterns, reflexes, and very cute are physical appearances of a ___.

A

New born

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18
Q

Babies enjoy looking at people’s faces, generally eyes. What phase is this?

A

One

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19
Q

Babies tend to imitate the facial expressions such as sticking out their tongue and smiling. What phase is this?

A

One

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20
Q

Babies learn how to maintain attention when engaged with others. What phase is this?

A

One

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21
Q

Babies attend to social partners. What phase is this?

A

One

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22
Q

Babies are receptive to interpersonal interactions. What phase is this?

A

One

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23
Q

Phase two is from (age)

A

6 months to one year

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24
Q

Babies engage in joint attention. What phase is this?

A

Two

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25
Q

The simultaneous engagement of two or more individuals in mental focus on a single external object or event is called.

A

Joint attention

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26
Q

When the adult attempts sustain the child’s participation in a period of joint focus is called ___.

A

Supported joint engagement

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27
Q

The ability to recognize when one shares a mental focus on some external object or action with another person.

A

Inter-subjective awareness

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28
Q

Deliberate communication which typically emerges around 9 or 10 months of age is called ____.

A

Intentional Communication

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29
Q

Begin to use language for intentional communication is what phase?

A

Three

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30
Q

Phase 3 is from (age)

A

1 year +

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31
Q

The combinations of sounds that are acceptable in their language is called ___.

A

Phonotactics

32
Q

Parents wait expectantly for initiations, use a slow pace to allow for initiations, and listen to allow the child to complete messages is called ____.

A

Waiting and listening

33
Q

When a child initiates either verbally or non verbally, parents follow the child’s lead by responding verbally to the initiation, using animation, and avoiding vague acknowledgements is called ____.

A

Following the child’s lead

34
Q

Parents build on their child’s focus of interest and play without dominating is called ____.

A

Joining in and playing

35
Q

Parents adjust their physical level by sitting on the floor, leaning forward to facilitate face-to-face interaction, and bending toward the child when above the child’s level is called ____.

A

Being face-to-face

36
Q

Beginning at birth, children all over the world reach certain _______ _______ at approximately the same age and in the same order.

A

Communicative milestones

37
Q

What are the four main developmental periods?

A

Infancy, toddler-hood, preschool, school-age

38
Q

Remember some children are _____ and some are very _____.

A

Slow, Advanced

39
Q

Infants are from what age?

A

Birth to 6 months

40
Q

What month can babies maintain brief eye contact, focus on outline of caregivers face, able to discriminate loudness, intonation and phonemes, and vocal development (reflexive sounds)?

A

1 month

41
Q

What month can babies get quiet to familiar voices, move in response to a voice, attends to speakers mouth, discriminate between between angry and friendly voices, vocalizes to caregiver’s smile and talk, and vocal development?

A

2 - 3 months

42
Q

What months can babies follow and reacts to bright colors, movements and objects, turn towards sounds, show interest in and watch faces, and vocal development?

A

4-6 months

43
Q

What months can babies smile often when playing, laughs, coo or babble when happy (reduplicated), cry when unhappy, searches for the speaker, whines with a manipulative purpose, and attempts to interact with an adult?

A

6-8 months

44
Q

In this stage, infants produce sounds of distress (e.g crying, fussing) and vegetative sounds (e.g, coughs, burps) , 0-2 months

A

Reflexive stage

45
Q

In this stage, infants make cooing and gooing sounds, as well as “raspberries”, trills, and clicks, 1-4 months.

A

Control of phonation

46
Q

In this stage, infants produce isolated vowel sounds and vowel glides and may use marginal babbling, 3-8 months.

A

Expansion

47
Q

In this stage, infants use true consonant sounds and true vowel sounds in various combinations, 5-10 months

A

Basic Canonical syllables

48
Q

In this stage, infants use diphthongs and jargon but do not yet produce true words, 9-18

A

Advanced forms

49
Q

A special type of babbling that contains at least two syllables and at least two different consonants and vowels, as well as varied stress or intonation patterns is called ____.

A

Jargon

50
Q

This happens at 7 months or below, babies practice with pitch variations and adults give meaning but there is no intention.

Example, baby says da-da
and daddy thinks baby is calling dada but baby is not is called ____.

A

Preintentional

51
Q

This happens at 7 month or above, babies are able to manipulate sound with intention usually to get what they need.

Examples, using gestures, grabbing, eye contact (join contact) to get what they need is called ____.

A

Intentional

52
Q

Mental dictionaries is also called ____.

A

Lexicon

53
Q

What age do kids experience rapid growth and realize mom and dads words have meaning. In this age kids begin to combine gestures with the actual word. This increases how effective they are to get what they want..

A

Age One

54
Q

A child pointing directly to something they want is called ___.

A

Deictic gestures

55
Q

A clear purpose, recognize pronunciation, consistency are all indications of a child’s ___ ____.

A

First word

56
Q

What letter is very late in developing?

A

R

57
Q

Approximately 50 words in lexicon are developed, syntax and grammatical morphemes instead of just using one word but utterances, they start combining words and using ing is found in what milestone?

A

Toddlerhood, form

58
Q

Increased mean length of utterance (MLU)
Average length of utterance
# of morphemes/ # of utterances
What milestone?

A

Toddlerhood, form

59
Q

In this milestone, (18 - 24 months) babies have a vocabulary spurt (naming explosion), they can learn 7-9 words everyday increase in receptive lexicon precedes an increase in expressive lexicon (disparity), gender differences (girls typically learn faster), under-extension, and over-extension is used.

A

Toddlerhood, content

60
Q

Children apply words only to a specific referent and not a category

Ex. Bird is anything that flies (looks like a bird) is called ___.

A

Underextension

61
Q

A child applies words in a wide (inappropriate) context

Ex. Calling everyone her is called ____.

A

Overextension

62
Q

Children learning the rules of language is called ____.

A

Phonology

63
Q

The final consonant of a word is omitted (ca for cat) is called ___.

A

Final consonant deletion

64
Q

The first syllable in a word is repeated (“wa-wa” for water) is called ____.

A

Reduplication

65
Q

One consonant in a word takes on features of another consonant (doddie for doggie) is called ____.

A

Consonant harmony

66
Q

The unstressed syllable in a word is omitted (jamas for pajamas) is called ___.

A

Weak syllable deletion

67
Q

The second syllable in a word is changed to “ee” or “ee” is added to a one syllable word (blankie for blanket or duckie for duck) is called ____.

A

Diminutization

68
Q

A consonant cluster (two or more consonants that occur together, as in stick or crayon) is reduced to a single consonant (tick or cayon) is called ____.

A

Cluster reduction

69
Q

The consonants /l/ and /r/ are changed to w and y (“wabbit for rabbit and yove for love) is called ___.

A

Liquid gliding

70
Q

Syntax and morphology, increase use of grammatical and derivational morphology, grammatical morphology (modify words but do not carry meaning), derivation morphology (modify word structure and carry meaning, additional morphemes (a, an, the), verb morphology develops (am, is, are was), sentence complexity advances are milestones achievements in ____.

A

Preschool (3-5), form

71
Q

Lexicon development
-average of 13,000 words by kindergarten
-fast mapping
Decontextualized language
-Events and concepts beyond the here and now (abstract vs. immediate)
-Relies on shared knowledge
-Necessary for discussion of events - past and present
are found in what milestone achievements?

A

Preschool (3-5 yo), content

72
Q

More language functions
-interpretive, logical, participatory, organizing
Turn-taking skills
Narratives
-True narratives - age 4
-Predictor of later school outcomes
are found is what milestone achievements?

A

Preschool (3-5 yo) Use

73
Q

By start of kindergarten, children will have mastered nearly all native language phonemes
-suppression of phonlogical processes
-enviornmental and biological factors can impact development - linguistic stimulation, middle ear infections
can be found in what milestone achievement?

A

Preschool (3-5), Speech

74
Q

Adapting language to fit a variety of communicative settings and purpose is called ___.

A

Functional flexibility

75
Q

Language becomes highly decontextualized (literate language) is called ___.

A

Abstract thinking

76
Q

Both becoming more complex with age and understanding of the relationship between orthography and phonology is called ____.

A

Academic skills (reading and writing)

77
Q

Grows and expands with age, and 60,000 + words by high school graduation is known as ____.

A

Vocabulary growth

CSD 200 (6 decks)

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