CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
Is the process by which two or more people share information, including facts, thoughts, ideas, and basic feelings from the mind of a speaker to the mind of a listener.
communication
What are the two necessary components in communication?
A sender and a receiver
What are the four processes/components of communication?
Formulation, Translation, Reception, and Comprehension.
The sender, which gathers the thoughts/ideas you wish to share
Formulation
Sender, the process you use to convey those thoughts or ideas to an individual.
Transmission
Receiver. Receive in the information from one person
Reception
In the Model of Communication, there has to be a shared ____.
Modality
Receiver, making sense or understanding the message.
Comprehension
Describes the manner in which information is transmitted and received.
Modality
What are the four components to the Model of Communication.
Sender, receiver, shared modality, and feedback.
Is information provided by the receiver to the sender
Feedback
Feedback reduces the chances of a ________.
Communication breakdown.
Define Conversational Repair.
When the sender is able to clarify or repair the breakdown by indicating the message they were trying to convey.
A lack of communication or a failure to exchange information effectively.
Communication Breakdown
A sender can make adjustments based on receiver’s ____.
Feedback
What are the three types of feedback?
Linguistic, Nonlinguistic, and Paralinguistic.
Verbal responses are known as ___.
Linguistic
Nonverbal responses such as body language, facial expression, posture, eye contact, proximity is defined as ___.
Non-linguistic
What the 7 purposes of communication?
Instrumental, regulatory, interactional, personal, heuristic, imaginative, and informative.
Additions to linguistic and non-linguistic, the use of pitch, loudness, and pausing all of which are superimposed on linguistic feedback is defined as ____.
Paralinguistic
Ask for something is defined as____.
Instrumental
To direct others or give directions is defined as ___
Regulatory
Interact and converse with others in a social way is defined as ____
Interactional
Express a state of mind or feelings about something is defined as___.
Personal
To inquire or find out information is defined as
Heuristic
Used to tell stories or to role play is defined as
Imaginative
What are the four principles of effective communication?
Quantity, quality, relevance, and manner.
Used to provide an organized description of an event or object is defined as ____.
Informative
Giving just the right amount and the type of information, we need to use clear vocabulary and we shouldn’t be redundant for the person to understand is known as __.
Principal of Quantity
Accurate and truthful information is defined as ___.
Principal of Quality
Sender stays on topic and translations appropriately is defined as
Principle of Relevance.
Conversational style of the sender is appropriate relative to prosody is defined as ____.
Manner
How does effective communication occur?
Communication is effectively shared and avoid communication breakdowns
The rhythm and patter of sounds of poetry and language is defined as ____.
Prosody
How is communication active?
Both sender and receiver must be fully engaged
How is communication dynamic?
Receiver is constantly sending feedback that is interpreted and used by the sender to modular the flow of communication.
Formulation involves _____.
Language
Transmission involves ______.
Speech
Reception involves ______.
Hearing
Comprehension involves ____.
Language
Language is not ____
Speech
A socially shared code is defined as ____.
Language
Not everyone has the same language, all cultures do have a language they use to communicate describes what aspect of language?
Universal
Animal as have communication but not language. They have representational sound and body movements but they can’t convey abstract ideas describes how language is ____.
Specific to humans
Describe the productivity of language.
Effective communication.
Language represents concrete and abstract ideas or events describes how language is ___.
Representational.
Describe how language is acquired.
We are not born with language but we are born with the ability to learn language.
Language is _____ and ______.
Expressive and receptive.
What are complex interaction of systems involved with language?
Auditory, respiratory, cognition, phonation, and articulation.
What are the three domain systems of understanding language.
Content, form, and use.
Meaning of words to express a thought is defined as ____.
Content
Arranging words into sentences to convey “content” is defined as ____.
Form
What are the 5 domain system in understanding language.
Semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, and pragmatics.
Appropriate or functional use of language is defined as ___.
Use
Content, meaning and combination of words is defined as ___.
Semantics
Form, rules governing the organization of sentences is defined as ____.
Syntax
Rules governing the organization of words is defined as ___.
Morphology
Form, combining sounds to make syllables and words is defined as ___.
Phonology
Content involves
Semantics, what it is we are talking about.
Use, Social use of language is defined as ___.
Pragmatics
Form involves
Syntax, morphology, phonology: how we organize sentence, words, and sounds.
Use involves
Pragmatics: how language is shared with others.
Neuromuscular process allowing humans to express language and the ability to produce language is called ___.
speech
Speech involves organized and coordinated use of muscles relating to _____, _____, and _____.
Respiration, phonation, and articulation.
What is the difference between Speech and Language?
Speech is just a production of sound while language has meaning attached to the sound.
Abstract representation of speech sound stream is generated: /m/ /a/ /m/ /a/ is called ____.
Perceptual target
Neurological brain systems generate a rough plan of the abstract representation. General instructions are fed forward in syllable chunks to muscle groups involved with speech; /ma/ /ma/ is called ____
Motor Schema
Air pressure is modulated as respiratory flow is sent forward. Articulates and oral cavity are manipulated to produce /mama/ is called ____.
Speech output.
What is the smallest unit of sound?
Phoneme
Speech begins with the exhalation of breath. This is known as ___.
Breathstream
Speech requires precision in phoneme production this is called ___.
Articulation.
Speech is most functional when it is produced effortlessly and smoothly, with few hesitations, interjections, and circumlocutions. This is known as ____.
Fluency
This is essential to reception and comprehension.
Hearing
The perception of sound applied to communication process, audition involves specifically the perception of speech.
Hearing
The study of sound is called
Acoustics
A sound source sets in motion a series of events. It created a disturbance, a set of vibrations, in the surrounding air particles. This first step to hearing is called ____.
Creation of the sound source
Sound is fundamentally the rapid movement or vibration of air particles which create sound waves. The air particles set in motion by the sound source, move back and forth through the air (or other medium, such as water) this is called ____.
Vibration of air particles.
How fast the air particles move back and forth is called ___.
Frequency
How far apart the air particles move when going back and forth is called ____.
Intensity
The ear is specially designed to channel information carried by the air particle vibrations into the human body. This is called ____.
Reception by ear
The auditory centers of the brain, located in the left hemisphere, translate frequency and intensity information sent through the ear and along the auditory never. So this is called ____.
Comprehension by brain
Must deviate from the community standard sufficiently enough that it interferes with transmission of message, it stands out as undulant different, and produces negative feelings when the communicator this is known as ____.
Communication disorder
There’s only a variation, used by a group to reflect a culture, and basically a dialect is known as ___.
Communication difference
The process of human speech; it is different from auditory perception, a more general term that describes the brain’s processing of any type of auditory information is called ____.
Speech perception
A significant breakdown in the linguistic system that has an impact on one or more of the following domains: semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, or pragmatics is called a ____.
Language disorder
This can vary from child language disorders, adult language disorders (aphasia), and reading disabilities is called ____.
Language disorders
This can vary from articulation and phonological disorders, fluency disorders, voice disorders, and motor speech disorders is called ____.
Speech disorders
This can vary from sensorineural hearing loss, conductive hearing loss, auditory processing disorders are called ____ .
Hearing Loss
This can vary from pediatric feeding and swallowing problems and adult dysphagia is called ____.
Feeding and swallowing disorders
A breakdown in one or more of the systems involved with speech production: respiration, phonation, and articulation is called ___.
A speech disorder
Term used when reading developing is impaired
Reading disability
Significant problems with the phonological domain of language, making it difficult to learn the correspondences between sounds (phonemes) and letters. This is called ____.
Dyslexia
The loss of ability to understand or express speech caused by brain damage is called ____.
Aphasia
Speech production impairments characterized by distortions, substitutions and omission of speech sounds is called ____.
Articulation and phonological disorders
Largely a synonym for stuttering, are communication difficulties that are characterized by an abnormally high rate or duration of breaks in the continuity of spoken language is called ___.
Fluency disorder
Communication difficulties characterized by difficulties with voice production is called ____.
Voice Disorders
This is characterized by distortions, substitutions, and omissions of speech sounds are called ____.
Motor Speech disorders
This occurs when there is a break down in reception or transmission of sound along the auditory pathways traveling from the ear to the brain.
Hearing loss
A breakdown in the hearing system in the inner ear of in the auditory nerve that runs from the inner ear to the brain centers is called ___.
Sensorineural hearing loss
A breakdown in the hearing system in the outer or middle ear. Malformation of the outer ear, a torn eardrum, and the buildup of fluid in the middle ear are common causes of ____.
Conductive hearing loss
A breakdown in the processing of speech sounds in the auditory center in the brain. This place is responsible for localizing, discriminating sounds, and recognizing auditory patterns is called ___.
Auditory processing disorder
A swallowing disorder is called ____.
Adult dysphagia
