Chapter 2&3

Question 0

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 0

The compound that is the important intracellular energy source; cellular energy

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

A substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution

Question 2

Base

Answer 2

A substance that accepts hydrogen ions; proton acceptor

Question 3

Carbohydrate

Answer 3

Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes starches, sugars, cellulose

Question 4

Enzyme

Answer 4

A substance formed by living cells that acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions in the body

Question 5

Lipid

Answer 5

Organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (fats/cholesterol)

Question 6

Nucleic acid

Answer 6

Class of organic molecules that includes DNA and RNA

Question 7

pH

Answer 7

The symbol for hydrogen ion concentration, a measure of acidity or alkalinety of a solution

Question 8

Protein

Answer 8

A complex nitrogenous substance; the main building material of cells

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

A dense central body in most cells containing the genetic material of the cell

Question 10

Nuclear membrane

Answer 10

Allows some but not all substances pass through it much more freely than elsewhere because of it’s relatively large pores

Question 11

Chromatin

Answer 11

The structures in the nucleus that carry the heredity factors or genes

Question 12

Chromosomes

Answer 12

Bar like body of title coiled chromatin; visible during cell division

Question 13

Microvilli

Answer 13

The tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells; increase surface area of absorbsion

Question 14

Cytoplasm

Answer 14

The substance of a cell other than that of the nucleus

Question 15

Cytosol

Answer 15

Semitransparent fluid that suspends the other elements

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

The rod like cytoplasm organelles responsible for ATP generation

Question 17

Ribosomes

Answer 17

Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized

Question 18

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 18

A membranous network of tubular saclike channels in the cytoplasm of a cell

Question 19

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 19

Appears as a stack of flattened membranous sacs, associated with swarms of tiny vesicles that is generally found close to the nucleus and is the principal “traffic director” for cellular proteins

Question 20

Lysosomes

Answer 20

Organelles that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes

Question 21

Cytoskeleton

Answer 21

Acts as a cell’s “bones and muscles” by furnishing an internal framework that determines cell shape, supports other organelles, and provides the machinery for intracellular transport and various types of cellular movements

Question 22

Centrioles

Answer 22

A minute body found near the nucleus of the cell composed of microtubules; active in cell division

Question 23

Template

Answer 23

A set of instructions for building a new nucleotide strand

Question 24

Gene

Answer 24

Biological units of heredity located in chromatin; transmits hereditary information

Question 25

Anticodon

Answer 25

Special three-base sequence on amino acids

Question 26

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 26

Lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body

Question 27

Gland

Answer 27

An organ specialized to secrete or excrete substances for further use in the body or for elimination

Question 28

Extracellular Matrix

Answer 28

Nonliving material in connective tissue consisting of ground substance and fibers that separate the living cells

Question 29

Tendons

Answer 29

Cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone

Question 30

Ligaments

Answer 30

A cord of fibrous tissue that connects bones