Chapter 10; Blood & Chapter 11; Circulatory

Question 1

Anemia

Answer 1

a condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume

Question 2

Basophils

Answer 2

a white blood cell containing basophilic granules that is similar in function to a mast cell

Question 3

Coagulation

Answer 3

being clotted or congealed

Question 4

Eosinophils

Answer 4

a granulocyte readily stained by eosin that is present at sites of allergic reactions and parasitic infections

Question 5

Erthrocytes

Answer 5

Red blood cell

Question 6

Fibrin

Answer 6

a white insoluble fibrous protein formed from fibrinogen by the action of thrombin especially in the clotting of blood

Question 7

Formed elements

Answer 7

Blood cells

Question 8

Hemoglobin

Answer 8

the part of blood that contains iron, carries oxygen through the body, and gives blood its red color

Question 9

Leukocytes

Answer 9

White blood cells

Question 10

Lymphocytes

Answer 10

any of the colorless weakly motile cells that originate from stem cells and differentiate in lymphoid tissue (as of the thymus or bone marrow), that are the typical cellular elements of lymph, that include the cellular mediators of immunity, and that constitute 20 to 30 percent of the white blood cells of normal human blood

Question 11

Monocytes

Answer 11

a large white blood cell with finely granulated chromatin dispersed throughout the nucleus that is formed in the bone marrow, enters the blood, and migrates into the connective tissue where it differentiates into a macrophage

Question 12

Neutrophils

Answer 12

a granulocyte that is the chief phagocytic white blood cell of the blood

Question 13

Plasma

Answer 13

the watery part of blood that contains blood cells

Question 14

Platelets

Answer 14

a small, round, thin blood cell that helps blood to stop flowing from a cut by becoming thick and sticky

Question 15

Prothrombin

Answer 15

a plasma protein produced in the liver in the presence of vitamin K and converted into thrombin in the clotting of blood

Question 16

Thromboplastin

Answer 16

a complex enzyme found especially in platelets that functions in the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin in the clotting of blood

Question 17

Arteriole

Answer 17

Any of the small terminal twigs of an artery that ends in capillaries

Question 18

Artery

Answer 18

any one of the tubes that carry blood from the heart to all parts of the body

Question 19

Atrioventricular valves

Answer 19

located between an atrium and ventricle of the heart

Question 20

Atrium

Answer 20

one of two sections of the heart that take in blood from the veins

Question 21

Capillary

Answer 21

one of the many very small tubes that carry blood within the body : the smallest kind of blood vessel

Question 22

Cardiac cycle

Answer 22

the complete sequence of events in the heart from the beginning of one beat to the beginning of the following beat : a complete heartbeat including systole and diastole

Question 23

Cardiac output

Answer 23

the volume of blood ejected from the left side of the heart in one minute—called also minute volume

Question 24

Diastolic pressure

Answer 24

the lowest arterial blood pressure of a cardiac cycle occurring during diastole of the heart

Question 25

Myocardium

Answer 25

the middle muscular layer of the heart wall

Question 26

Pericardium

Answer 26

the conical sac of serous membrane that encloses the heart and the roots of the great blood vessels of vertebrates and consists of an outer fibrous coat that loosely invests the heart and is prolonged on the outer surface of the great vessels except the inferior vena cava and a double inner serous coat of which one layer is closely adherent to the heart while the other lines the inner surface of the outer coat with the intervening space being filled with pericardial fluid

Question 27

Peripheral resistance

Answer 27

vascular resistance to the flow of blood in peripheral arterial vessels that is typically a function of the internal vessel diameter, vessel length, and blood viscosity

Question 28

Pulse

Answer 28

a regularly recurrent wave of distension in arteries that results from the progress through an artery of blood injected into the arterial system at each contraction of the ventricles of the heart

Question 29

Purkinje fibers

Answer 29

any of the modified cardiac muscle fibers with few nuclei, granulated central cytoplasm, and sparse peripheral striations that make up Purkinje’s network

Question 30

SA node

Answer 30

a small mass of tissue that is made up of Purkinje fibers, ganglion cells, and nerve fibers, that is embedded in the musculature of the right atrium of higher vertebrates, and that originates the impulses stimulating the heartbeat

Question 31

Semilunar valves

Answer 31

either of two valves of which one is situated at the opening between the heart and the aorta and the other at the opening between the heart and the pulmonary artery, which prevent regurgitation of blood into the ventricles, and each of which is made up of three crescent-shaped cusps that are forced apart by pressure in the ventricles exerted during systole and are pushed together by pressure in the arteries exerted during diastole

Question 32

Systemic circulation

Answer 32

the passage of arterial blood from the left atrium of the heart through the left ventricle, the systemic arteries, and the capillaries to the organs and tissues that receive much of its oxygen in exchange for carbon dioxide and the return of the carbon-dioxide carrying blood via the systemic veins to enter the right atrium of the heart and to participate in the pulmonary circulation

Question 33

Systolic pressure

Answer 33

the highest arterial blood pressure of a cardiac cycle occurring immediately after systole of the left ventricle of the heart

Question 34

Vein

Answer 34

any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart and have thinner walls than the arteries and often valves at intervals to prevent reflux of the blood which flows in a steady stream and is in most cases dark-colored due to the presence of reduced hemoglobin

Question 35

Ventricles

Answer 35

one of two sections of the heart that pump blood out to the body