Chapter 2 Flashcards
Separation of Powers
The distribution of constitutional authority among the three branches of government.
Natural Law
God’s or nature’s law that defines right from wrong and is higher than human law.
Checks and Balances
A constitutional grant of powers that enables each of the three branches of government to check some acts of the others and therefore ensure that no branch can dominate.
Divided Government
Governance divided between the parties, especially when one holds the presidency and the other controls one or both houses of Congress.
Partisanship
Strong allegiance to one’s own political party, often leading to unwillingness to compromise with members of the opposing party.
Direct Primary
An election in which voters choose party nominees.
Initiative
A procedure where a certain number of voters may, by petition, propose a law or constitutional amendment and have it submitted to the voters.
Referendum
A procedure for submitting to popular vote measures passed by the legislature or proposed amendments to a state constitution.
Recall
A procedure for submitting to popular vote the removal of officials from office before the end of their term.
Judicial Review
The power of a court to refuse to enforce a law or a government regulation that in the opinion of the judges conflicts with the U.S. Constitution or, in a state court, the state constitution.
Writ of Mandamus
A court order directing an official to perform an official duty.
Congressional Elaboration
Congressional legislation that gives further meaning to the Constitution based on sometimes vague constitutional authority, such as the necessary and proper clause.
Impeachment
A formal accusation by the lower house of legislature against a public official, the first step in removal from office.
Executive Order
A directive issued by a president or governor that has the force of a law.
Executive Privilege
The power to keep executive communications confidential, especially if the relate to national security.
