Chapter 2 Flashcards
Define mitosis
Cell division to produce new somatic cells
Define somatic cells
All nonreproductive cells in the body
Define meiosis
Cell division to produce gametes
Define gametes
Reproductive cells
What is the nucleus?
Organelle where DNA is held
What is the mitochondria
Produces ATP. Has its own DNA.
What is the Rough ER
Makes proteins with help of ribosomes
What is the cytoskeleton
Protein fibers that give cells their shape
What is the cytoplasm
Space outside of the nucleus - this includes all the other organelles
What is the cytosol
The gooey space inside the cell
Define a zygote
A fertilized egg. This is how all humans start out as.
What are the 5 stages of the cell cycle?
1) G1 (gap1)
2) G0 (dormancy)
3) S1 (synthesis phase)
4) G2 (gap 2)
5) Mitosis
What is G1 phase?
Cell is born and grows
What is G0 phase?
Cell enters dormancy and stops growing/dividing. Commonly how neurons end up.
What is S1 phase?
Cell copies it’s chromosomes in preparation to divide
What is G2 phase?
Cell grows again to divide
What is Mitosis (general)
Multistep process where division takes place.
*Shortest stage
What are the stages of mitosis?
1) Prophase
2) Prometaphase
3) Metaphase
4) Anaphase
5) Telophase & Cytokinesis
When are chromosomes copied?
During the S-phase. All 46 chromosomes are copied.
Define sister chromatids
The 2 halves of the “X” copy of the chromosome. Genetically identical and held together by the centromere.
Define centromere
Central region that holds chromatids together
What is interphase?
Everything before mitosis
What is prophase?
Chromosomes condense and enter the cytosol
What is prometaphase?
Spindle fibers form and attach to chromosomes