Chapter 2 Flashcards
EMPHASIS: Childhood experiences and
the Unconscious mind
PSYCHOANALYTIC
Two models of Sigmund Freud
A. Topographical Model
B. Structural Model
Freud theorized that personality contains three
structures—the
e id, ego, and superego—
mind is like an iceberg, the unconscious making up how many percent
90 %
How many percent of the mind is the conscious
10%
divides the “I” into Conscious or that which we are aware of.
Topographical model
Iceberg Principle
- Conscious Level
- Preconscious Level
- Unconscious Level
includes the individual’s thoughts and perceptions which are readily available to one’s awareness.
. Conscious Level
includes the individual’s memories and stored knowledge. This information are not immediately part of one’s consciousness but it can be brought into awareness through recollection.
- Preconscious Level
this level constitute the largest part of the iceberg. It includes fears, violent motives, irrational wishes, and selfish needs that are usually repressed by the individuals because it is deemed as unacceptable and unpleasant by the society.
- Unconscious Level
believes that our personality has three structures: The Id, Ego, and Superego.
structural model
operates under the Pleasure Principle
ID
doesn’t care about reality, about the needs of anyone else, only its own satisfaction.
ID
- Its primary motive is to immediately satisfy the individual’s needs and desires. It doesn’t care about the reality and cannot wait until the situation permits
id
- Take for example, an infant who is crying because he/she is hungry
id
operates under Reality Principle.
ego
its job to meet the needs of the Id, while taking into consideration the reality of the situation.
ego
- The ego personality structure begins developing in childhood and can be interpreted as the
self
- This term means “above the ego,”
superego
includes the moral ideas that a person learns within the family and society.
superego
gives people feelings of pride when they do something correct (the ego ideal) and feelings of guilt when they do something they consider to be morally wrong (the conscience).
superego
- It operates under the Morality Principle
superego
it is developed due to the moral and ethical restraints placed on us by our caregivers
superego
- Freud theorized that healthy personality development requires a
balance between the Id and the superego
It makes one a psychopath, lacking conscience, or an ogre, selfishly meeting one’s needs without concern for others
ID
An overly strong ________ makes one a worrier, a neurotic, so overwhelmed by guilt that it is difficult to get satisfaction
Superego
Erikson converted Freud’s emphasis to a focus on
social relationships into
eight psychosocial stages
Each of Erikson’s eight stages was described as
a time
of crisis
—a time when the personality would go one
way or the other
a time
of crisis
Stages of Psychological Development
Stage 1: Trust VS. Mistrust (Infant)
Stage 2: Autonomy VS. Shame (Toddler)
Stage 3: Initiative VS. Guilt (Preschool)
Stage 4: Industry VS. Inferiority (Early School Age)
Stage 5: Identity VS. Role Confusion (Adolescent)
Stage 6: Intimacy VS. Isolation (Young Adult)
Stage 7: Generativity VS. Stagnation (Middle-aged Adult)
Stage 8: Integrity VS. Despair (Old adult)
Babies whose needs are met develop a feeling of trust for the environment. If infants have frustration and deprivation, they learn a basic mistrust for the world that will stick throughout life.
Stage 1: Trust VS. Mistrust (Infant) (0-1 Freshmen Year)
When toddlers learn to act independently and to control their bodies (toilet training, walking, etc.), they learn self-confidence and a feeling of autonomy. Failure leads to feelings of
inadequacy and therefore a sense of basic shame and doubt.
Stage 2: Autonomy VS. Shame (Toddler) 1-3 Learning the use of the bathroom
