Chapter 1 Flashcards
It was derived from the Latin word, “persona”, which means mask.
Personality
Personality was derived from the Latin word, “persona”, which means WHAT.
mask
In the WHAT world, the theatrical mask was originally used to either represent or project a specific personality trait of a character.
ancient
“pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguishes one person from another and that persists over time”
Personality
“It is the sum of biologically based and learnt behavior which forms the person’s unique responses to environmental stimuli.”
Personality
Personality is that “pattern of characteristic WHAT, WHAT, and WHAT that distinguishes one person from another and that persists over time”.
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Refers to the genetic or hormone-based behaviors, traits, and dispositions.
Nature
Biological Influence
Nature
it is commonly defined as environment, culture, and experiences.
Nurture
Environmental & Cultural Influences
Nurture
also known as the Five Factor Model (FFM)
The Big Five personality traits
a model based on common language descriptors of personality.
The Big Five personality traits, also known as the Five Factor Model (FFM)
This widely examined theory suggests five broad dimensions used by some psychologists to describe the human personality and psyche.
O - Openness to experience
C - Conscientiousness
E - Extraversion
A - Agreeableness
N - Neuroticism
describes a person’s degree of intellectual curiosity, creativity, appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, curiosity, and variety of experience.
- Openness to Experience
It is also described as the extent to which a person is imaginative or independent, and depicts a personal preference for a variety of activities over a strict routine.
- Openness to Experience
- Openness to Experience
High Level:
Low Level:
High Level: Inventive / Curious
Low Level: Consistent / Cautious
a tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement.
- Conscientiousness
It also refers to planning, organization, and dependability.
- Conscientiousness
People with high WHAT are perceived as organized and efficient in their work.
- Conscientiousness
low WHAT is associated with flexibility and spontaneity.
- Conscientiousness
- Conscientiousness
High Level:
Low Level:
High Level: Efficient / Organized
Low Level: Easy-going / Careless
describes energy, positive emotions, assertiveness, sociability, talkativeness, and the tendency to seek stimulation in the company of others.
- Extraversion
High WHAT is often perceived as attention seeking, and domineering.
- Extraversion
Low WHAT causes a reserved, reflective personality, which can be perceived as aloof or self-absorbed.
- Extraversion
- Extraversion
High Level:
Low Level:
High Level: Outgoing / Energetic
Low Level: Solitary / Reserved
a tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic towards others.
- Agreeableness
It is also a measure of one’s trusting and helpful nature, and whether a person is generally well-tempered or not.
- Agreeableness
High WHAT is often seen as naive or submissive.
- Agreeableness
Low WHAT personalities are often competitive or challenging people, which can be seen as argumentative or untrustworthy.
- Agreeableness
- Agreeableness
High Level:
Low Level:
High Level: Friendly / Compassionate
Low Level: Analytical / Detached
a tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, such as anger, anxiety, depression, and vulnerability.
- Neuroticism
also refers to the degree of emotional stability and impulse control.
- Neuroticism
- Neuroticism
High Level:
Low Level:
High Level: Sensitive / Nervous
Low Level: Secure / Confident
a psychometric questionnaire designed to measure psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
These preferences were extrapolated from the typological theories originated by WHO, as published in his WHEN book Psychological Types (English edition, 1923).
Carl Gustav Jung, 1921
The original developers of the personality inventory were
Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers.
16 different personality types
The 16 personality types are: ENTJ, ENFJ, ESFJ, ESTJ, ENTP, ENFP, ESFP, ESTP, INTJ, INFJ, ISFJ, ISTJ, INTP, INFP, ISFP, ISTP
are energized by people, enjoy a variety of tasks, a quick pace, and are good at multitasking.
Extroverts
often like working alone or in small groups, prefer a more deliberate pace, and like to focus on one task at a time.
Introverts
realistic people who like to focus on the facts and details. They apply common sense and past experience to find practical solutions to problems.
Sensors
prefers to focus on possibilities and the big picture, easily see patterns, value innovation, and seek creative solutions to problems.
Intuitives
tend to make their decisions using logical analysis, objectively weigh pros and cons, and value honesty, consistency, and fairness.
Thinkers
tend to be sensitive and cooperative, and decide based on their own personal values and how other will be affected by their actions.
Feelers
tend to be organized and prepared, like to make and stick to plans, and are comfortable following most rules.
Judgers
prefer to keep their options open, like to be able to act spontaneously and like to be flexible with making plans.
Perceivers
refers to the “process of improving or transforming the personality”.
Personality development
It includes activities that improve awareness and identity, develop talents and potential, build human capital and facilitate employability, enhance quality of life and contribute to the realization of dreams and aspirations.
Personality development
Significance of Personality development
a. Personality development increases confidence:
b. Personality development enhances credibility:
c. Personality development improves your communication skills:
d. Personality development enhances the capacity to lead and motivate:
