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PSY 310 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is step 1 in sensation?

A

receive physical stimulation and encode it into the nervous system

This is sensation

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2
Q

What is sensation?

A

getting all the information out there in the environment and bringing and translating it into a way your brain could understand it

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3
Q

What is step 2 in sensation?

A

organize incoming information

This is perception

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4
Q

What is step 3?

A

reception of physical stimulation and encoding of it into the nervous system

This is perception

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5
Q

What is the exact definition of sensation?

A

reception of physical stimulation and encoding of it into the nervous system

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6
Q

What are the elements of vision?

A

Structure: eye

Stimulus: light waves

Receptor: rods and cones, cones need a lot of light to function and allow us to find light and define details

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7
Q

What are the elements of hearing?

A

Structure: ear

Stimulus: sound waves

Receptor: hair cells

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8
Q

What are the elements of taste?

A

Structure: tongue

Stimulus: chemicals

Receptor: taste buds

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9
Q

What are the elements of smell?

A

Structure: nose

Stimulus: chemicals

receptor: olfactory hair cells

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10
Q

What are the elements of touch?

A

Structure: skin

Stimulus: pressure

Receptor: nerve cells

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11
Q

What is the definition of perception?

A

Interpreting and understanding sensory information (high-order cognition)

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12
Q

What is bottom-up processing?

A

Pattern recognition is initiated by the parts of the pattern that, when summed, lead to the recognition of the whole pattern

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13
Q

What is top-down processing?

A

Recognition of the whole leads to recognition of the components

Previous knowledge to help you recognize stimulus

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14
Q

What is the global precedence effect?

A

perceive global features over local features

Letters into other letter

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15
Q

What is connectedness?

A

Group together elements if they are connected to other elements

Element lines and the ballerinas

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16
Q

What is synchrony?

A

group together elements that occur at the same time

cats looking around

17
Q

What is the principle of common region?

A

Groups together elements that belong to a designated area or region

dots in the two boxes and the signs

18
Q

What is the principle of common fate?

A

Group elements together if they are moving in the same direction or at the same speed

moving dots

19
Q

What is the principle of closure?

A

fill gaps to create a complete, whole object

Triangles and panda

20
Q

What is the principle of good continuation?

A

Perceive lines as flowing naturally in a singular direction

rectangle and oval

21
Q

What is the principle of similarity?

A

Similar objects are to be grouped together

triangle dots, soccer player

22
Q

What is the principle of proximity?

A

Objects near one another to be grouped together

Geese, straight lines

23
Q

What is the figure-ground principle?

A

segregate visual scenes into a background and a figure that appears to be superimposed against that background

24
Q

What is subliminal stimulus?

A

so weak or brief that although it is received by the senses, it cannot be perceived consciously

25
Q

What is the absolute threshold?

A

amount of intensity a certain stimulus has to have for you to notice it

26
Q

What is authorship processing?

A

attribute events to the entities that are thought to have caused them

27
Q

What is an example of a mistake in authorship processing?

A

Oujia boards

28
Q

What is the definition of consciousness?

A

Awareness of internal events and stimuli in the environment

29
Q

What is an example of disconnections between awareness and behavior?

A

Mistakes in authorship processing

Blindsight

Subliminal processing

30
Q

What is blindsight?

A

Pattern resulting from brain damage in which the person seems unable to see in part of his or her field of vision but can often correctly respond to visual inputs when needed

31
Q

What is the McGurk effect?

A

an auditory-visual illusion that occurs when the brain perceives a third sound that is a blend of two different sounds that are presented simultaneously

32
Q

What is synesthesia?

A

a neurological phenomenon that causes people to experience multiple senses simultaneously

33
Q

What is the ventriloquist effect?

A

an auditory illusion that occurs when the brain misperceives the source of a sound based on visual information (EX: puppet)

34
Q

What is the rubber hand illusion?

A

the sight of brushing of a rubber hand at the same time as brushing of the person’s own hidden hand is sufficient to produce a feeling of ownership of the fake hand

PSY 310 (13 decks)

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