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Healthful Living > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

DSM-5

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- Manual for assessment and diagnosis of mental disorder

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2
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Self-Actualization
Esteem Needs
Social Needs
Security Needs
Survival Needs

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3
Q

Psychological Health

A

The sum of our mental, emotion, social, and spiritual sleves; how we think, feel, relate, and exist in our day-to-day lives

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4
Q

Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM)

A

Manual providing information about what it means to be psychologically healthy, including good psychological functioning

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5
Q

What are some aspects of a psychologically healthy person?

A
  1. They feel good about themselves
  2. They make and maintain lasting, healthy relationships, feel comfortable with and respect others, and have compassion for others
  3. They have a strong sense of autonomy yet still need others.
  4. They are independent and self-reliant
  5. They have a sense of mastery over their macro environment
  6. They have a high sense of personal growth
  7. They have a sense of purpose
  8. They value diversity
  9. They appreciate and respect the world around them
  10. They maintain a positive outlook
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6
Q

Resiliency

A

The ability to adapt to change and stressful events in healthy and flexible ways

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7
Q

Mental Health

A

The thinking part of psychological health; includes how well we process information, our values, and how our mind processes and understands information and life experiences

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8
Q

Dynamic Equilibrium

A

Refers to the fact that we go through different stages of our lives. We are not the same person we were in elementary school, or high school, etc.

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9
Q

Emotional Health

A

The feeling or subjective side of psychological health. Involves our ability to manage and express emotions that come from past experiences

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10
Q

Emotions

A

Intensified feelings or complex patterns of feelings

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11
Q

Social Health

A

The aspect of psychological health that includes interactions with other people, ability to use social supports, and ability to adapt to various situations

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12
Q

Family

A

Either family of origin (biological) or a supportive network of people who share common bonds or beliefs who you can rely on in times of need (social)

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13
Q

Dysfunctional Families

A

Families in which there is violence; physical, emotional, or sexual abuse; significant parental discord; or other negative family interactions

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14
Q

Social Support

A

A network of people and services with which we share ties and from which we get support

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15
Q

Loneliness

A

Feeling of being alone, regardless of the amount of social connection.

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16
Q

Social Isolation

A

Lacking in social connections

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17
Q

What are some factors of Social Isolation?

A

divorce
death
too many social media friends and not enough irl friends
drug and alcohol use
losing or changing jobs and locations frequently
homelessness

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18
Q

Spirituality

A

Individuals sense of purpose and meaning in life. Involves a sense of peace and connection to other people

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19
Q

Spiritual Health

A

The aspect of psychological health that relates to having a sense of meaning and purpose to one’s life as well as a feeling of connection with other people and with nature

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20
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

A person’s belief about whether they can successfully engage in and execute a specific behavior

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21
Q

Self-Esteem

A

One’s realistic sense of self-respect or self-worth

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22
Q

Learning Helplessness

A

A patter of responding to situations by giving up because of repeated failure in the past

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23
Q

Learned Optimism

A

Teaching oneself to think positively

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24
Q

Emotional Intelligence (EI)

A

A person’s ability to identify, understand, use, and manage emotional states in positive and constructive ways.

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25
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Strategies we unconsciously use to distort our present reality to help avoid anxiety

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26
Q

Emotional Intelligence Quotient (EQ)

A

Indicator of social and interpersonal skills. Our ability to successfully maneuver in sometimes emotionally charged settings.

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27
Q

What are some aspects of EQ?

A

Self-awareness
Self-regulation/self-management
Internal motivation
Empathy
Social skills

28
Q

Personality

A

Unique mix of characteristics that distinguishes us from other people

29
Q

What are some aspects of personality? (The Big Five)

A

Agreeableness
Openness
Neuroticism
Conscientiousness
Extroversion

30
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

A

The study of the interactions of behavioral, neural, and endocrine functions and the functioning of the body’s immune system

31
Q

Positive Psychology

A

The scientific study of human strengths and virtues

32
Q

What are the 5 elements of well-being?

A

Positive emotion
Engagement
Relationships
Meaning
Accomplishment
PERMA

33
Q

Happiness

A

A collective term for several positive states in which individuals actively embrace the world around them

34
Q

Mental Illness

A

Disorder that disrupts thinking, feeling, moods, and behaviors and impair daily functioning

35
Q

Chronic Mood Disorder

A

A disorder involving persistent emotional states, such as sadness, despair, hopelessness, or euphoria

36
Q

Major Depression

A

A severe depressive disorder with physical effects such as sleep disturbance and exhaustion, and mental effects such as the inability to concentrate; also called clinical depression

37
Q

Aspects of major depression

A
  1. Loss of motivation or interest in pleasurable activities
  2. Preoccupation with one’s failures in inadequacies; concern over what other people are thinking
  3. Difficulty concentrating, indecisiveness, memory lapses
  4. Loss of sex drive or lack of interest in being close to other people
  5. Fatigue, oversleeping, insomnia, and loss of energy
  6. Feeling anxious, worthless, or hopeless
  7. Recurring thoughts that life isn’t worth living; thoughts of death or suicide
38
Q

Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder (ADD/ADHD)

A

A learning disablity that is usually associated with school-aged children, often involving difficulty concentrating, organizing things, listening to instructions, and remembering details

39
Q

Dyslexia

A

A language-based learning disorder that can post problems for reading, writing, and spelling

40
Q

Dyscalculia

A

A learning disability involving math

41
Q

Dysgraphia

A

A learning disability involving writing; individuals may have difficulty putting letters, numbers, and words on a page into order

42
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A

A neurodevelopmental disorder (an impairment in brain development) in which individuals learn and grow intellectually throughout their lives, but struggle to master communication and social behavior skills, affecting school and work performance

43
Q

Asperger Syndrome

A

A form of high-functioning autism

44
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)

A

A type of depression that is milder and harder to recognize than major depression; chronic and often characterized by fatigue, pessimism, or a short temper; formerly known as dysthymic disorder

45
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

A form of mood disorder characterized by alternating mania and depression; also called manic-depressive illness

46
Q

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

A

A type of depression that occurs in the winter months, when sunlight levels are low

47
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

A mental illness characterized by persistent feelings of threat and worry in coping with everyday problems

48
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A

A constant sense of worry that may cause restlessness, difficulty in concentrating, tension, and other symptoms

49
Q

Panic Attack

A

A sever anxiety reaction in which a particular situation, often for unknown reasons, causes terror

50
Q

Phobia

A

Deep and persistent fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that results in a compelling desire to avoid the source of the fearS

51
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

A phobia characterized by fear and avoidance of social situations; also called social phobia

52
Q

What are some causes of Anxiety Disorders?

A

Biology
Environment
Social and cultural roles

53
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A

A form of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors

54
Q

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

Collection of symptoms that may occur as a delayed response to a traumatic event or series of events

55
Q

Personality Disorder

A

A mental disorder characterized by inflexible patterns of thought and beliefs that lead to socially distressing behavior

56
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A mental illness with biological origins that is characterized by irrational behavior, sever alterations of the senses, and often an inability to function in society

57
Q

Self-injury

A

Intentionally causing injury to one’s own body in an attempt to cope with overwhelming negative emotions; also called self-mutilation, self-harm, or nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI)

58
Q

What are some warning signs of Suicide?

A
  1. Recent loss and seeming inability to let go of grief
  2. History of depression
  3. Change in persons personality, such as sadness, withdrawal, irritability, anxiety, tiredness, indecisiveness, apathy
  4. change in behavior, such as inability to concentrate, loss of interest in classes or work, unexplained demonstration of happiness following a period of depression, or risk-taking behavior
  5. Change in sexual interest
  6. Change in sleep patterns and/or eating habits
  7. An indirect statement about committing suicide, such as “I might as well end it all”
  8. Final preparations such as writing a will, giving away prized possessions, or writing revealing letters or social media posts
  9. Preoccupation with themes of death
  10. Marked changes in personal appearance
59
Q

What are some ways to prevent suicide?

A
  1. Monitor the warning signs
  2. Take threats seriously
  3. Let the person know how much you care
  4. Ask directly
  5. Take action
  6. Help the person think about alternatives to suicide
  7. Tell the person’s spouse, partner, parents, siblings, or counselor
60
Q

Stigma

A

Negative perception about a group of people or a certain situation or condition

61
Q

Psychodynamic Therapy

A

Talk therapy and focuses on the psychological roots of emotional suffering

62
Q

Interpersonal Therapy

A

Focuses on social roles and relationships

63
Q

Cognitive Therapy

A

Focuses on the impact of thoughts and ideas on feelings and behavior

64
Q

Behavioral Therapy

A

Focuses on what we do

65
Q

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

A

Uses meditation and yoga to reduce stress and anxiety

66
Q

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)

A

A form of psychotherapy that uses traditional talk therapy combined with meditation and other mindfulness techniques to reduce stress and improve well-being

Healthful Living (9 decks)

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